Study of materials for sustainable sewer systems and preservation of the environment
Résumé
Regardless of mechanical and structural behaviour, materials used in sewer systems are exposed to a very aggressive environment. One of the main problems is due to the presence of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds in the effluents allowing, with particular conditions (oxygen, pH, temperature ), to be consumed by sulfate-reducing bacteria to form hydrogen sulfide. In waste water, the decrease of pH involves the displacement of the equilibrium towards the formation of gaseous hydrogen sulfide which condenses on the emerged walls. Then, this last compound is oxidized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in sulfuric acid. The bio-physico-chemical mechanisms involve dissolution and cracks in materials, corrosion of reinforcing steel, etc, leading to irreversible damages of the sewer systems. With these deleterious conditions, more and more important given the new process used or contemplated for the management of sewer systems, the need of knowledge is fundamental to define what are the best materials and the best processes, what are the risks for the environment, and what are the costs for sustainable materials and repairs. In 2009, the LCPC has defined a research project for four years, which includes three aspects: -The comprehension of deterioration mechanisms, -The modeling of deterioration, -The definition of durable solutions for construction, repair and rehabilitation of sewer systems. Currently, the most commonly used materials to build or repair sewer systems are cementitious or polymeric materials. The behavior of these materials, according to their nature and composition, in environmental conditions similar to those encountered in sewer systems, has been investigated either by literature reviews or by experimental studies. Some proposals have been done on new design or process most likely to define sustainable structures to limit damages and thereby preserve the environment and consequently to avoid human interventions and associated costs. The presentation also describes the requirements still needed to calculate an accurate and safe lifecycle analysis.