R. A. Betts, Biogeophysical impacts of land use on present-day climate: near-surface temperature change and radiative forcing, Atmospheric Science Letters, vol.2, issue.1-4, pp.39-51, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/asle.2001.0023

A. Botta, N. Viovy, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, and P. Monfray, A global prognostic scheme of leaf onset using satellite data, Global Change Biology, vol.11, issue.2, pp.709-725, 1999.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.pp.15.060164.001153

N. Brisson, B. Mary, D. Ripoche, M. H. Jeuffroy, F. Ruget et al., STICS: a generic model for the simulation of crops and their water and nitrogen balances. I. Theory and parameterization applied to wheat and corn, Agronomie, vol.18, issue.5-6, pp.311-346, 1998.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19980501

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885888

N. Brisson, F. Ruget, P. Gate, J. Lorgeou, B. Nicoullaud et al., STICS: a generic model for simulating crops and their water and nitrogen balances. II. Model validation for wheat and maize, Agronomie, vol.22, issue.1, pp.69-93, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2001005

V. Brovkin, A. Ganopolski, M. Claussen, C. Kubatzki, and V. Petoukhouv, Modelling climate response to historical land cover change, Global Ecol, Biogeogr. Lett, vol.8, pp.509-517, 1999.

T. N. Chase, R. A. Pielke, T. G. Kittel, R. R. Nemani, and S. W. Running, Simulated impacts of historical land cover changes on global climate in northern winter, Climate Dynamics, vol.16, issue.2-3, pp.16-93, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s003820050007

M. Claussen and V. Gayler, The Greening of the Sahara during the Mid-Holocene: Results of an Interactive Atmosphere-Biome Model, Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, vol.6, issue.5, pp.369-377, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2997337

J. H. Copeland, R. A. Pielke, and T. G. Kittem, Potential climatic impacts of vegetation change: A regional modeling study, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.5, issue.D3, pp.7409-7418, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD02676

N. De-noblet, M. Claussen, and C. I. Prentice, Mid-Holocene greening of the Sahara: first results of the GAIM 6000 year BP experiment with two asynchronously coupled atmosphere/biome models, Clim. Dynam, pp.16-643, 2000.

N. De-noblet, C. I. Prentice, S. Joussaume, D. Texier, A. Botta et al., Possible role of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in triggering the Last Glaciation, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.21, issue.D10, pp.3191-3194, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96GL03004

P. De-rosnay and J. Polcher, Modelling root water uptake in a complex land surface scheme coupled to a GCM, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol.2, issue.2/3, pp.239-255, 1998.
DOI : 10.5194/hess-2-239-1998

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330830

N. Ducoudré, K. Laval, and A. Perrier, SECHIBA a new set of parametrizations of the hydrologic exchanges at the land/atmosphere interfaces within the LMD atmospheric general circulation model, J. Clim, vol.6, 1993.

J. L. Eastman, M. B. Coughenour, R. A. Pielke, and . Sr, Does Grazing Affect Regional Climate?, Journal of Hydrometeorology, vol.2, issue.3, pp.243-253, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0243:DGARC>2.0.CO;2

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.178.6070

E. Falge, D. Baldocchi, R. Olson, P. Anthoni, and M. Aubinet, Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.107, issue.1, pp.43-69, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00225-2

P. Friedlingstein, G. Joel, C. B. Field, and I. Fung, Toward an allocation scheme for global terrestrial carbon models, Global Change Biology, vol.83, issue.7, 1998.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.19.1.573

R. G. Gallimore and J. E. Kutzbach, Role of orbitally induced changes in tundra area in the onset of glaciation, Nature, vol.381, issue.6582, pp.503-505, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/381503a0

N. Gedney and P. Valdes, The effect of Amazonian deforestation on the northern hemisphere circulation and climate, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.19, issue.D1, pp.3053-3056, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL011794

S. Gervois, N. De-noblet-ducoudré, N. Viovy, P. Ciais, N. Brisson et al., Including Croplands in a Global Biosphere Model: Methodology and Evaluation at Specific Sites, Earth Interactions, vol.8, issue.16
DOI : 10.1175/1087-3562(2004)8<1:ICIAGB>2.0.CO;2

B. Govindasamy, P. B. Duffy, and K. Caldeira, Land use changes and northern hemisphere cooling, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.247, issue.2, pp.291-294, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL006121

P. Heck, D. Lüthi, H. Wernli, and C. Schär, Climate impacts of European-scale anthropogenic vegetation changes: A sensitivity study using a regional climate model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.25, issue.D8, pp.7817-7835, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900673

I. A. Janssens, A. Freibauer, P. Ciais, P. Smith, G. Nabuurs et al., Europe's Terrestrial Biosphere Absorbs 7 to 12% of European Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions, Europe's terrestrial biosphere absorbs 7 to 12% of European anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, pp.1538-1542, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1083592

N. Noblet, J. Peterschmitt, D. Pollard, D. Rind, J. Royer et al., Monsoon changes/Regional climates for 6000 years ago: results of 18 simulations from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.26, pp.859-862, 1999.

G. Krinner, N. Viovy, N. De-noblet-ducoudré, J. Ogée, P. Friedlingstein et al., A dynamical global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system, Global Biogeochem. Cycles

J. E. Kutzbach, G. B. Bonan, J. A. Foley, and S. P. Harrison, Vegetation and soil feedbacks on the response of the African monsoon to orbital forcing in the early to middle Holocene, Nature, vol.384, issue.6610, pp.623-626, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/384623a0

E. Matthews, A. J. Weaver, M. Eby, and K. J. Meissner, Radiative forcing of climate by historical land cover change, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.17, issue.2, pp.1010-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2002GL016098

R. B. Myneni, S. Hoffman, Y. Knyazikhin, J. L. Privette, J. Glassy et al., Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data, Remote Sens, Environ, vol.83, pp.214-231, 2002.

R. A. Pielke, G. Marland, R. A. Betts, T. N. Chase, J. L. Eastman et al., The influence of landuse change and landscape dynamics on the climate system: relevance to climate-change policy beyond the radiative effect of greenhouse gases, pp.1705-1719, 2002.

J. Polcher and K. Laval, A statistical study of the regional impact of deforestation on climate in the LMD GCM, Clim. Dynam, pp.205-229, 1994.

J. Shukla, C. Nobre, and P. J. Sellers, Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change, Science, vol.247, issue.4948, pp.1322-1325, 1990.
DOI : 10.1126/science.247.4948.1322

S. Sitch, B. Smith, C. I. Prentice, A. Arneth, A. Bondeau et al., Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model, Global Change Biology, vol.87802, issue.5, pp.161-185, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1466-822x.2001.00175.x

P. Smith, R. Milne, D. S. Powlson, J. U. Smith, P. D. Falloon et al., Revised estimates of the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land, Soil Use Manage, pp.16-293, 2000.

D. Texier, N. De-noblet, S. P. Harrison, A. Haxeltine, S. Joussaume et al., Quantifying the role of biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks in climate change: coupled model simulations for 6000 years BP and comparison with palaeodata for northern Eurasia and northern Africa, Climate Dynamics, vol.13, issue.12, pp.865-882, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s003820050202

P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J. M. Melillo, Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems, Science, vol.277, issue.5325, pp.494-499, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.277.5325.494

L. M. Vleeshouwers and A. Verhagen, Carbon emission and sequestration by agricultural land use: a model study for Europe, Global Change Biology, vol.39, issue.6, pp.519-530, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004233920896

H. Zhang, A. Henderson-sellers, and K. Mc-guffie, Impacts of Tropical Deforestation. Part I: Process Analysis of Local Climatic Change, Journal of Climate, vol.9, issue.7, pp.1497-1517, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1497:IOTDPI>2.0.CO;2