D. Ngo and A. Scordelis, Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beams, J Am Concrete Inst, vol.64, issue.114, pp.152-63, 1967.

Z. Ba?ant and B. Oh, Microplane Model for Progressive Fracture of Concrete and Rock, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol.111, issue.4, pp.559-82, 1985.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1985)111:4(559)

Z. Ba?ant, Mechanics of Distributed Cracking, Applied Mechanics Reviews, vol.39, issue.5, pp.675-705, 1986.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3143724

K. Willam, E. Pramono, and S. Sture, Fundamental Issues of Smeared Crack Models, SEM-RILEM international conference on fracture of concrete and rock. Bethel, Connecticut: Society of Engineering Mechanics, pp.192-207, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-3578-1_15

J. Rots, Computational Modeling of Concrete, 1988.

A. Ingraffea and V. Saouma, Numerical modelling of dicrete crack propagation in reinforced and plain concrete Fracture mechanics of concrete. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhiff, pp.171-225, 1985.

T. Bittencourt, A. Ingraffea, and J. Llorca, Simulation of arbitrary, cohesive crack propagation Fracture mechanics of concrete structures (FRAMCOS1), pp.171-225, 1992.

T. Belytschko and T. Black, Elastic crack growth in finite elements with minimal remeshing, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.55, issue.5, pp.601-621, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990620)45:5<601::AID-NME598>3.0.CO;2-S

J. Oliver, M. Cervera, and O. Manzoli, Strong discontinuities and continuum plasticity models: the strong discontinuity approach, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.15, issue.3, pp.319-51, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(98)00073-4

J. Rots and J. Schellekens, Interface elements in concrete mechanics Computer-aided analysis and design of concrete Zell-am-See, pp.909-927, 1990.

G. Camacho and M. Ortiz, Computational modelling of impact damage in brittle materials, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.33, issue.20-22, pp.20-222899, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7683(95)00255-3

C. Lopez and I. Carol, Numerical analysis of concrete microstructure using interface elements, Anales de Mecanica de la Fractura, vol.12, pp.75-80, 1995.

I. Carol, C. Lopez, and O. Roa, Micromechanical analysis of quasi???brittle materials using fracture???based interface elements, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.1, issue.12, pp.193-215, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.277

L. Sluys and A. Berends, 2D/3D modelling of crack propagation with embedded discontinuity elements. Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures (EURO?C) Austria: Badgastein, pp.399-408, 1998.

D. Dugdale, Yielding of steel sheets containing slits, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.8, issue.2, pp.100-104, 1960.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-5096(60)90013-2

A. Hillerborg, A model for fracture analysis, 1978.

A. Caballero, I. Carol, and L. Pez, 3D meso-structural analysis of concrete specimens under uniaxial tension, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.195, issue.52, pp.7182-95, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cma.2005.05.052

M. Ortiz and A. Pandolfi, Finite-deformation irreversible cohesive elements for three-dimensional crack-propagation analysis, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.142, issue.9, pp.1267-82, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990330)44:9<1267::AID-NME486>3.0.CO;2-7

D. Ciancio, I. Carol, and M. Cuomo, On inter-element forces in the FEM-displacement formulation, and implications for stress recovery, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.40, issue.3, pp.502-530, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.1564

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00878256

I. Carol, P. Prat, and Z. Ba?ant, New explicit microplane model for concrete: Theoretical aspects and numerical implementation, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1179-91, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7683(92)90141-F

I. Carol and Z. Ba?ant, Damage and plasticity in microplane theory, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.34, issue.29, pp.3807-3842, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(96)00238-7

I. Carol, P. Prat, and C. Ló-pez, Normal/Shear Cracking Model: Application to Discrete Crack Analysis, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol.123, issue.8, pp.765-73, 1997.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:8(765)

A. Gens, I. Carol, and E. Alonso, An interface element formulation for the analysis of soil-reinforcement interaction, Computers and Geotechnics, vol.7, issue.1-2, pp.133-51, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-352X(89)90011-6