D. Aubert, C. Loumagne, and L. Oudin, Sequential assimilation of soil moisture and streamflow data in a conceptual rainfall???runoff model, Journal of Hydrology, vol.280, issue.1-4, pp.145-161, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00229-4

V. Bailly-comte, V. Borrell-estupina, H. Jourde, and S. Pistre, Influence of karst aquifers on flood genesis and propagation in an ephemeral Mediterranean River: A semi-distributed conceptual model of the Coulazou River, Water Resour. Res, pp.10-1029, 2012.

L. Berthet, V. Andréassian, C. Perrin, J. , and P. , How crucial is it to account for the antecedent moisture conditions in flood forecasting? Comparison of event-based and continuous approaches on 178 catchments, Proceedings of the second Space of Hydrology Workshop, Surface Water Storage and Runoff: Modeling , In-situ data and Remote Sensing, pp.819-831, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/hess-13-819-2009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00583212

V. Borrell-estupina, J. Chorda, and D. Dartus, Pr??vision des crues ??clair, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, vol.337, issue.13, pp.1109-1119, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2005.06.009

F. Bouttier and P. Courtier, Data assimilation concepts and methods, ECMWF Lecture Note, DATA ASSIMILATION/ ASSIM CONCEPTS/Assim concepts21.html (last access, 1999.

S. Buis, A. Piacentini, and D. Declat, PALM: a computational framework for assembling high-performance computing applications, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol.127, issue.2, pp.247-262, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/cpe.914

P. Courtier, A. Hollingsworth, J. J. Thépaut, and . Roy, A strategy for operational implementation of 4D-Var, using an incremental approach, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.45, issue.519, pp.1367-1387, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712051912

M. Coustau, C. Bouvier, V. Borrell-estupina, J. , and H. , Flood modelling with a distributed event-based parsimonious rainfall-runoff model: case of the karstic Lez river catchment, Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, vol.12, issue.4, pp.1119-113310, 1119.
DOI : 10.5194/nhess-12-1119-2012

D. Da-ros and M. Borga, Adaptative use of a conceptual model for real time flood forecasting, Nord. Hydrol, vol.28, pp.169-188, 1997.

R. Daley, Atmospheric Data Analysis, Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series, p.457, 1991.

D. Marsily, G. Delhomme, J. Delay, F. Buoro, and A. , 40 years of inverse problems in hydrogeology, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences ? Series IIA ? Earth and Planetary Science, pp.73-87, 1999.

P. Fleury, B. Ladouche, C. , and N. , The contribution of groundwater to flooding hazards in the city of N??mesN??mes, Rapport final , BRGM/RP55558-FR, 112 ill, p.152, 2007.

A. Fouilloux and A. Piacentini, The PALM Project: MPMD Paradigm for an Oceanic Data Assimilation Software, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci, vol.1685, pp.1423-1430, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48311-X_200

E. Gaume, M. Livet, M. Desbordes, and J. P. Villeneuve, Hydrological analysis of the river Aude, France, flash flood on 12 and 13 November 1999, Journal of Hydrology, vol.286, issue.1-4, pp.135-154, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.015
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00711681

E. Gaume, V. Bain, P. Bernardara, O. Newinger, M. Barbuc et al., A compilation of data on European flash floods, A compilation of data on European flash floods, pp.70-78, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.028
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00400570

A. Gelb, Applied optimal estimation, 1974.

M. Ghil and P. Malanotte-rizzoli, Data assimilation in meteorology and oceanography. Advances in geophysics, pp.141-265, 1991.

E. Harader, V. Borrell-estupina, S. Ricci, M. Coustau, O. Thual et al., Correcting the radar rainfall forcing of a hydrological model with data assimilation: application to flood forecasting in the Lez catchment in Southern France, Hydrol . Earth Syst. Sci, vol.165194, pp.4247-426410, 2012.

B. Khal, H. Nachtnebel, and P. , Online updating procedures for a real-time hydrological forecasting system, XXIVth Conference of the Danube Countries, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2008.
DOI : 10.1088/1755-1307/4/1/012001

M. Kobold and S. Kay, Flood forecasting and uncertainty of precipitation forecasts, Water Observation and Information System for Balkan Countries, Proceedings of a conference held in Ohrid, FY Republic of Macedonia, pp.25-29, 2004.

T. Lagarde, A new approach for data assimilation methods: saddle point algorithms, p.246, 2000.

T. Lagarde, A. Piacentini, and O. Thual, A new representation of data-assimilation methods: The PALM flow-charting approach, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.93, issue.571
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712757111

P. Malaterre, J. Baume, J. Nelly, S. , and J. , Calibration of open channel flow models: a system analysis and control engineering approach, SimHydro 2010: Hydraulic modeling and uncertainty An integrated approach to hydrologic data assimilation: interpolation, smoothing, and filtering, Adv. Water Resour, vol.25, pp.2-4, 2002.

R. J. Moore, V. A. Bell, and D. A. Jones, Forecasting for flood warning, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, vol.337, issue.1-2, pp.203-217, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2004.10.017

H. Moradhkani and K. Hsu, Uncertainty assessment of hydrologic model states and parameters: Sequential data assimilation using the particle filter, Water Resources Research, vol.12, issue.2, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004WR003604

H. Moradhkani, S. Sorooshian, H. Gupta, and P. Houser, Dual state???parameter estimation of hydrological models using ensemble Kalman filter, Advances in Water Resources, vol.28, issue.2, pp.135-147, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.09.002

J. Nelly, C. Dorée, J. Sau, and P. Malaterre, Data assimilation for the real-time update of a 1D hydrodynamic model, fault detection ? application to the automatic control of hydropower plants on the Rhône river, SimHydro 2010: Hydraulic modeling and uncertainty, Weather radar enhanced flash flood forecasting, Proceedings of the open source GIS ? GRASS users conference, pp.2-4, 2002.

A. Piotrowski, J. J. Napiórkowski, R. , and P. M. , Flash-flood forecasting by means of neural networks and nearest neighbour approach – a comparative study, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, vol.13, issue.4, pp.443-448, 2006.
DOI : 10.5194/npg-13-443-2006

Q. Seguí, P. Martin, E. Habets, F. Noilhan, and J. , Improvement , calibration and validation of a distributed hydrological model over France, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, vol.135194, pp.163-18110, 2009.

J. C. Refsgaard, Validation and intercomparison of different updating procedure for real-time forecasting, Nord. Hydrol, vol.28, pp.65-84, 1997.

R. H. Reichle, Data assimilation methods in the Earth sciences, Advances in Water Resources, vol.31, issue.11, pp.1411-1418, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.001

S. Ricci, A. Piacentini, O. Thual, L. Pape, E. et al., Correction of upstream flow and hydraulic state with data assimilation in the context of flood forecasting, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, vol.155194, pp.3555-357510, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01244055

O. Talagrand, Assimilation of observation, an introduction, J. Meteorol . Soc. Jpn, vol.75, pp.191-209, 1997.

A. Tarantola, Inverse problem theory and methods for model parameter estimation, 2004.
DOI : 10.1137/1.9780898717921

G. Thirel, E. Martin, J. Mahfouf, S. Massart, S. Ricci et al., A past discharges assimilation system for ensemble streamflow forecasts over France ? Part 1: Description and validation of the assimilation system, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, vol.145194, pp.1623-163710, 1623.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512846

M. S. Toukourou, A. Johannet, G. Dreyfus, and P. Ayral, Flash Flood Forecasting by Statistical Learning in the Absence of Rainfall Forecast: A Case Study, Eng. Appl. Neural Netw, vol.16, issue.6, pp.98-107, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/WR016i006p01034

Y. Tramblay, C. Bouvier, C. Martin, J. F. Didon-lescot, D. Todorovik et al., Assessment of initial soil moisture conditions for event-based rainfall???runoff modelling, Journal of Hydrology, vol.387, issue.3-4, pp.176-187, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.04.006

A. Weisse, L. Oudin, and C. Loumagne, Assimilation of soil moisture into hydrological models for flood forecasting: comparison of a conceptual rainfall?runoff model and a model with an explicit counterpart for soil moisture, Revue des Sciences de l, pp.173-197, 2003.

L. Xiong, O. Connor, and K. M. , Comparison of four updating models for real-time river flow forecasting, Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol.15, issue.4, pp.621-639, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00349-3

X. Yang and C. Michel, Flood forecasting with a watershed model: a new method of parameter updating, Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol.28, issue.4, pp.537-546, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00242-X

E. Zehe and G. Blöschl, Predictability of hydrologic response at the plot and catchment scales: Role of initial conditions, Water Resources Research, vol.32, issue.4, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003WR002869