P. J. Adams, J. H. Seinfeld, and D. M. Koch, Global concentrations of tropospheric sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium aerosol simulated in a general circulation model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.20, issue.D11, pp.13791-1382310, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900083

R. A. De-villiers, Analyse des propriétés optiques des aérosols observés en Arctique pendant la campagne de printemps de l'API/POLARCAT, 2010.

R. A. De-villiers, G. Ancellet, J. Pelon, B. Quennehen, A. Schwarzenboeck et al., Airborne measurements of aerosol optical properties related to early spring transport of mid-latitude sources into the Arctic, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.10, issue.11, pp.5011-503010, 2010.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-10-5011-2010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00443057

D. E. Atkinson, K. Sassen, M. Hayashi, C. F. Cahill, G. Shaw et al., Aerosol properties over Interior Alaska from lidar, DRUM Impactor sampler, and OPCsonde measurements and their meteorological context during ARCTAS-A, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.135194, pp.1293-131010, 1293.

L. A. Barrie and M. J. Barrie, Chemical components of lower tropospheric aerosols in the high arctic: Six years of observations, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.3, issue.29, pp.211-22610, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00118349

N. Bègue, P. Tulet, J. P. Chaboureau, G. Roberts, L. Gomes et al., Long-range transport of Saharan dust over northwestern Europe during EUCAARI 2008 campaign: Evolution of dust optical properties by scavenging, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.108, issue.D14, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002775

E. K. Bigg, Comparison of Aerosol at Four Baseline Atmospheric Monitoring Stations, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.19, issue.5, pp.521-533, 1980.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<0521:COAAFB>2.0.CO;2

S. A. Carn, A. J. Krueger, N. A. Krotkov, K. Yang, and P. F. Levelt, Sulfur dioxide emissions from Peruvian copper smelters detected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.34, issue.D21, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD003093

D. I. Chernoff and A. K. Bertram, Effects of sulfate coatings on the ice nucleation properties of a biological ice nucleus and several types of minerals, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.29, issue.10, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2010JD014254

M. Chin, R. B. Rood, S. Lin, J. Müller, and A. M. Thompson, Atmospheric sulfur cycle simulated in the global model GOCART: Model description and global properties, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.119, issue.D20, pp.24671-24687, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900384

J. Delanoë and R. J. Hogan, A variational scheme for retrieving ice cloud properties from combined radar, lidar, and infrared radiometer, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.4893, issue.5, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD009000

J. Delanoë and R. J. Hogan, Combined CloudSat-CALIPSO-MODIS retrievals of the properties of ice clouds, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.34, issue.D7, pp.0-2910, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JD012346

A. Devasthale, M. Tjernström, K. G. Karlsson, M. A. Thomas, C. Jones et al., The vertical distribution of thin features over the Arctic analysed from CALIPSO observations. Part I: Optically thin clouds, Tellus B, vol.63, issue.1, pp.77-85, 2011.
DOI : 10.3402/tellusb.v63i1.16189

J. Dufresne and S. Bony, An Assessment of the Primary Sources of Spread of Global Warming Estimates from Coupled Atmosphere???Ocean Models, Journal of Climate, vol.21, issue.19, pp.5135-514410, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2008JCLI2239.1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00423479

M. L. Eastwood, S. Cremel, M. Wheeler, B. J. Murray, E. Girard et al., Effects of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate coatings on the ice nucleation properties of kaolinite particles, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.29, issue.10, pp.10-1029, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2008GL035997

K. Eguchi, I. Uno, K. Yumimoto, T. Takemura, A. Shimizu et al., Trans-pacific dust transport: integrated analysis of NASA/CALIPSO and a global aerosol transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.95194, pp.3137-314510, 2009.

J. A. Fisher, D. J. Jacoba, Q. Wanga, R. Bahreinib, C. C. Carougea et al., Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate???ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter???spring, Atmospheric Environment, vol.45, issue.39, pp.7301-7318, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.030

E. Giannakaki, D. Balis, and V. Amiridis, Vertical resolved separation of aerosol types using CALIPSO level-2 product, Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing VII, pp.981-986, 2012.
DOI : 10.1117/12.898095

E. Girard and J. P. Blanchet, Simulation of Arctic diamond dust and ice fog or thin stratus using an explicit aerosolcloud-radiation model, J. Atmos. Sci, vol.582, pp.1199-1221, 2001.

E. Girard, G. Dueymes, P. Du, and A. K. Bertram, Assessment of the effects of acid-coated ice nuclei on the Arctic cloud microstructure, atmospheric dehydration, radiation and temperature during winter, International Journal of Climatology, vol.31, issue.3, pp.599-614, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.3454

P. Grenier and J. Blanchet, P: Investigation of the sulphateinduced freezing inhibition effect from CloudSat and CALIPSO measurements, J. Geophys. Res, vol.115, pp.10-1029, 2010.

P. Grenier, J. P. Blanchet, and R. Munoz-alpizar, Study of polar thin ice clouds and aerosols seen by CloudSat and CALIPSO during mid-winter, J. Geophys. Res, pp.10-1029, 2007.

D. L. Harrigan, H. E. Fuelberg, I. J. Simpson, D. R. Blake, G. R. Carmichael et al., Anthropogenic emissions during Arctas-A: mean transport characteristics and regional case studies, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.11, issue.16, pp.8677-870110, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-11-8677-2011

H. He, C. Li, C. P. Loughner, Z. Li, N. A. Krotkov et al., SO 2 over central China: Measurements, numerical simulations and the tropospheric sulfur budget, J. Geophys. Res, vol.117, pp.0-3710, 1029.

D. Hirdman, J. F. Burkhart, H. Sodemann, S. Eckhardt, A. Jefferson et al., Longterm trends of black carbon and sulphate aerosol in the Arctic: changes in atmospheric transport and source region emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.9351-936810, 2010.

C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.125194, issue.10, pp.9817-9854, 2012.

J. M. Intrieri and M. D. Shupe, Characteristics and Radiative Effects of Diamond Dust over the Western Arctic Ocean Region, Journal of Climate, vol.17, issue.15, pp.2953-2960, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2953:CAREOD>2.0.CO;2

D. J. Jacob, J. H. Crawford, H. Maring, A. D. Clarke, J. E. Dibb et al., The Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission: design, execution, and first results, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.10, issue.11, pp.5191-521210, 2010.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-10-5191-2010

C. Jouan, E. Girard, J. Pelon, I. Gultepe, J. Delanoë et al., Characterization of Arctic ice cloud properties observed during ISDAC, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.82, issue.C10, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/ac1013892
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00769659

N. A. Krotkov, S. A. Carn, A. J. Krueger, P. K. Bhartia, Y. et al., Band residual difference algorithm for retrieval of SO/sub 2/ from the aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI), IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.44, issue.5, pp.1259-126610, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2005.861932

N. A. Krotkov, B. Mcclure, R. R. Dickerson, S. A. Carn, C. Li et al., Validation of SO 2 retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument over NE China, J. Geophys. Res, vol.113, pp.16-4010, 1029.

A. Lampert, A. Ehrlich, A. Dörnbrack, O. Jourdan, J. Gayet et al., Microphysical and radiative characterization of a subvisible midlevel Arctic ice cloud by airborne observations ??? a case study, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.9, issue.8, pp.2647-266110, 2009.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-9-2647-2009

K. S. Law and A. Stohl, Arctic Air Pollution: Origins and Impacts, Science, vol.315, issue.5818, pp.1537-1540, 2007.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1137695
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00145006

C. Lee, R. V. Martin, A. Van-donkelaar, G. O-'byrne, N. Krotkov et al., Retrieval of vertical columns of sulfur dioxide from SCIAMACHY and OMI: Air mass factor algorithm development, validation, and error analysis, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.9, issue.D12, pp.2230310-1029, 2009.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JD012123

Z. Liu, M. Vaughan, D. Winker, C. Kittaka, B. Getzewich et al., Lidar Cloud and Aerosol Discrimination: Version 2 Algorithm and Initial Assessment of Performance, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.26, issue.7, pp.1198-121310, 2009.
DOI : 10.1175/2009JTECHA1229.1

T. Lopez, S. Carn, C. Werner, D. Fee, P. Kelly et al., Evaluation of Redoubt Volcano's sulfur dioxide emissions by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.259, pp.290-307, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.03.002

Z. Lu, D. G. Streets, Q. Zhang, S. Wang, G. R. Carmichael et al., Sulfur dioxide emissions in China and sulfur trends in East Asia since, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.6311-633110, 2000.

G. M. Mcfarquhar, S. Ghan, J. Verlinde, A. Korolev, J. W. Strapp et al., Indirect and Semi-direct Aerosol Campaign. The Impact of Arctic Aerosols on Clouds, pp.183-20110, 1175.

M. I. Mishchenko and K. Sassen, Depolarization of lidar returns by small ice crystals: An application to contrails, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.3, pp.309-312, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/97GL03764

H. Morrison, K. D. Curry, M. D. Shupe, and P. Zuidema, A New Double-Moment Microphysics Parameterization for Application in Cloud and Climate Models. Part II: Single-Column Modeling of Arctic Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.62, issue.6, pp.1678-1693, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS3447.1

H. Morrison, G. De-boer, G. Feingold, J. Harrington, M. D. Shupe et al., Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds, Nature Geoscience, vol.113, issue.1, pp.11-1710, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo1332

A. J. Prenni, P. J. Demott, D. C. Rogers, S. M. Kreidenweis, G. M. Mc-farquhar et al., Relative roles of biogenic emissions and Saharan dust as ice nuclei in the Amazon basin, Nature Geoscience, vol.41, issue.6, pp.402-405, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo517

P. K. Quinn, G. Shaw, E. Andrews, E. G. Dutton, T. Ruoho-airola et al., Arctic haze: current trends and knowledge gaps, Tellus, pp.99-114, 2007.

K. Sassen, H. Zhao, Y. , and B. K. , Backscatter laser depolarization studies of simulated stratospheric aerosols: crystallized sulfuric acid droplets, Applied Optics, vol.28, issue.15, pp.3024-3029, 1989.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.28.003024

A. Shimizu, N. Sugimoto, I. Matsui, K. Arao, I. Uno et al., Continuous observations of Asian dust and other aerosols by www.atmos-chem-phys, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.14, issue.14, pp.1205-1224, 1205.

C. Jouan, On the relationship between Arctic ice clouds and polluted air masses polarization lidars in China and Japan during ACE-Asia, J. Geophys . Res, vol.109, pp.19-1710, 2004.

M. D. Shupe, Clouds at Arctic Atmospheric Observatories. Part II: Thermodynamic Phase Characteristics, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, vol.50, issue.3, pp.645-661, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/2010JAMC2468.1

M. D. Shupe and J. M. Intrieri, Cloud Radiative Forcing of the Arctic Surface: The Influence of Cloud Properties, Surface Albedo, and Solar Zenith Angle, 017<0616:CRFOTA>2.0.CO, pp.616-628, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0616:CRFOTA>2.0.CO;2

E. Spinei, S. A. Carn, N. A. Krotkov, G. H. Mount, K. Yang et al., Validation of ozone monitoring instrument SO 2 measurements in the Okmok volcanic cloud over Pullman, J. Geophys. Res, vol.115, pp.0-0810, 2008.

A. Stohl, M. Hittenberger, and G. Wotawa, Validation of the lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART against large-scale tracer experiment data, Atmospheric Environment, vol.32, issue.24, pp.4245-4264, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00184-8

A. Stohl, S. Eckhardt, C. Forster, P. James, N. Spichtinger et al., A replacement for simple back trajectory calculations in the interpretation of atmospheric trace substance measurements, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.29, pp.4635-4648, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00416-8

N. Sugimoto, I. Uno, M. Nishikawa, A. Shimizu, I. Matsui et al., Record heavy Asian dust in Beijing in 2002: Observations and model analysis of recent events, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.106, issue.12, pp.164010-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2002GL015112

R. C. Sullivan, M. D. Petters, P. J. Demott, S. M. Kreidenweis, H. Wex et al., Irreversible loss of ice nucleation active sites in mineral dust particles caused by sulphuric acid condensation, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.105194, pp.11471-1148710, 2010.

M. Tesche, A. Ansmann, D. Müller, D. Althausen, R. Engelmann et al., Vertically resolved separation of dust and smoke over Cape Verde using multiwavelength Raman and polarization lidars during Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment, J. Geophys. Res, vol.114, pp.1320210-1029, 2008.

F. H. Tu, D. C. Thornton, A. R. Bandy, G. R. Carmichael, Y. Tang et al., Long-range transport of sulfur dioxide in the central Pacific, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.102, issue.D23, pp.15-0810, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JD004309

I. Uno, K. Eguchi, K. Yumimoto, T. Takemura, A. Shimizu et al., Asian dust transported one full circuit around the??globe, Nature Geoscience, vol.23, issue.8, pp.557-560, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo583

C. R. Usher, A. E. Michel, and V. H. Grassian, Reactions on Mineral Dust, Chemical Reviews, vol.103, issue.12, pp.4883-4939, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/cr020657y

C. Warneke, K. D. Froyd, J. Brioude, R. Bahreini, C. A. Brock et al., An important contribution to springtime Arctic aerosol from biomass burning in Russia, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.1, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GL041816

K. Yalcin, C. P. Wake, and M. Germani, A 100-year record of North Pacific volcanism in an ice core from Eclipse Icefield, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.4012, pp.10-1029, 2002.

K. Yang, N. A. Krotkov, A. J. Krueger, S. A. Carn, P. K. Bhartia et al., Retrieval of large volcanic SO 2 columns from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Comparison and limitations, J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, pp.24-4310, 2007.