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I. Appendix, Summary of H-statistic estimates and equilibrium test outcomes Authors Sample period Country Results Equilibrium Shaffer, Monopolistic competition Yes Nathan and Neave, pp.1979-1982, 1982.

. France and I. Germany, Spain and UK Monopolistic competition, except Italy (monopoly) No (France: 1987, Italy: 1986, 1987.

G. France and U. Italy, Monopolistic competition Monopoly for small banks in France and Germany No (for large banks in Italy

H. Bikker, (varying) 23 industrialized nations Monopolistic competition Yes, p.2200, 1988.

. Shaffer, US (4 banks, quarterly) Monopolistic competition No, 1984.

Y. Matthews, China Monopolistic competition Yes, 1980.