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Article Dans Une Revue Epidemiology Année : 2007

Mapping Socioeconomic Disparities Using New Deprivation Index in French Urban Area, at a Small-Area Scale

Résumé

Objective: To build a deprivation index to assess socioeconomic disparities between very small geographic units. This work is integrated in the PAISARC project (Atmospheric Pollution, Socioeconomic Disparities, Asthma and Myocardial Infarction), a small-area ecologic study exploring the interaction between socioeconomic status (SES), atmospheric pollution, and selected health outcomes. Material and Methods: The study setting is an eastern French urban area with 450,000 inhabitants. The statistical unit is the IRIS, the smallest French geographic area for which socioeconomic data are available from National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). To characterize at best the contextual SES, we built a census-based SES index by a principal component analysis from a sample of 52 demographic and socioeconomic variables (1999 INSEE national census). To construct a single index for each IRIS, we maximized the variance of the first axis by deleting weakly correlated variables and whose contribution was lower than the average contribution. We estimated the convergence between our deprivation index and existing indexes (Carstairs’ and Townsend's) using the Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Nineteen variables were retained for the construction of SES index (66% of total variance explained on the first axis). They characterize all the aspects of SES (unemployment, single-parent family, material wealth, etc) included in the initial 52 variables. Mapping SES index highlights a socioeconomic gradient from the most-favored IRIS (suburbs) to the most-deprived ones (urban centre and intermediate districts). Our index satisfies requirements of internal validity as for example a high internal consistency (Cronbach α-coefficient equals to 0.92). Conclusions: Our index indicates strong socioeconomic disparities between IRIS. Theses results will be compared with those of a similar study carried out in another French area. They will allow us discussing the index's external validity beyond the strong correlations observed with Carstairs’ and Townsend's indexes (97% and 96%, respectively).
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hal-00689812 , version 1 (20-04-2012)

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Sabrina Havard, Séverine Deguen, J. Bodin, O. Laurent, Denis Bard. Mapping Socioeconomic Disparities Using New Deprivation Index in French Urban Area, at a Small-Area Scale. Epidemiology, 2007, 18 (5), pp.S81. ⟨10.1097/01.ede.0000288968.21447.31⟩. ⟨hal-00689812⟩
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