Modelling weathering processes at the catchment scale: The WITCH numerical model

Yves Godderis (1) , Louis François (2) , Anne Probst (1, 3) , Jacques Schott (1) , David Moncoulon (1) , David Labat (1) , Didier Viville (4, 5)

1 LMTG - Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie
2 LPAP - Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire
3 LEFE - Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement
4 LHyGeS - Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg
5 CGS - Centre de géochimie de la surface

A numerical model of chemical weathering in soil horizons and underlying bedrock (WITCH) has been coupled to a numerical model of water and carbon cycles in forest ecosystems (ASPECTS) to simulate the concentration of major species within the soil horizons and the stream of the Strengbach granitic watershed, located in the Vosges Mountains (France). For the first time, simulations of solute con- centrations in soil layers and in the catchment river have been performed on a seasonal basis. The model is able to reproduce the con- centrations of most major species within the soil horizons, as well as catching the first-order seasonal fluctuations of aqueous calcium, magnesium and silica concentrations. However, the WITCH model underestimates concentrations of Mg2+ and silica at the spring of the catchment stream, and significantly underestimates Ca2+ concentration. The deficit in calculated calcium can be compensated for by dis- solution of trace apatite disseminated in the bedrock. However, the resulting increased Ca2+ release yields important smectite precipi- tation in the deepest model layer (in contact with the bedrock) and subsequent removal of large amount of silica and magnesium from solution. In contrast, the model accurately accounts for the concentrations of major species (Ca, Mg and silica) measured in the catchment stream when precipitation of clay minerals is not allowed. The model underestimation of Mg2+ and H4SiO4 concentrations when precipitation of well crystallized smectites is allowed strongly suggests that precipitation of well crystallized clay minerals is over- estimated and that more soluble poorly crystallized and amorphous materials may be forming. In agreement with observations on other watersheds draining granitic rocks, this study indicates that highly soluble trace calcic phases control the aqueous calcium budget in the Strengbach watershed.

Mots clés: WITCH; model; weathering; catchment

Domaines: Sciences de la Terre; Géochimie

Yves Godderis, Louis François, Anne Probst, Jacques Schott, David Moncoulon, et al.. Modelling weathering processes at the catchment scale: The WITCH numerical model. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006, 70, pp.1128-1147. ⟨10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.018⟩. ⟨hal-00665423⟩