M. Akamatsu and E. Chevallier, Caractérisation chimique et mécanique des matériaux approvisionnés pour l'étude du comportement en fatigue des aciers inoxydables austénitiques, Technical note HT-42, 2001.

J. M. Andrew and E. G. Ellison, A testing rig for cycling at high biaxial strains, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design Professional Engineering Publishing ISSN0309-3247, pp.2041-3130, 1973.

G. Barbier, Fatigue biaxiale à grand nombre de cycles : étude expérimentale, endommagement à deux échelles probabiliste, 2009.

S. Bari and T. Hassan, Anatomy of coupled constitutive models for ratcheting simulation, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.16, issue.3-4, pp.381-409, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00059-5

W. Bedkowski, Determination of Critical Plane and Effort Criterion in Fatigue Life Evaluation for Materials under Multiaxial Random Loading. Experimental Verification Based on Fatigue Tests of Cruciform Specimens, Proc. 4th ICB/MF, pp.435-447, 1994.

G. Besnard, F. Hild, and S. Roux, ???Finite-Element??? Displacement Fields Analysis from Digital Images: Application to Portevin???Le Ch??telier Bands, Experimental Mechanics, vol.404, issue.3, pp.789-804, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11340-006-9824-8

L. Bocher, P. Delobelle, P. Robinet, and X. Feaugas, Mechanical and microstructural investigations of an austenitic stainless steel under non-proportional loadings in tension??????torsion-internal and external pressure, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.17, issue.11, pp.1491-1530, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(01)00013-4

V. Bonnand, J. L. Chaboche, H. Cherouali, P. Gomez, P. Kanouté et al., Experimental And Theoretical Comparison Of Some Multiaxial Fatigue Design Criteria In The Context Of Life Assessment Of Rotating Parts In Turboengines, Proceedings of the 25th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautica l Fatigue, pp.27-29, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-90-481-2746-7_41

C. Bouvet, S. Calloch, and C. Lexcellent, Mechanical Behavior of a Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloy Under Multiaxial Proportional and Nonproportional Loadings, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.124, issue.2, p.112, 2002.
DOI : 10.1115/1.1448324

S. Calloch and D. Marquis, Triaxial tension???compression tests for multiaxial cyclic plasticity, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.15, issue.5, pp.521-549, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00005-4

J. L. Chaboche and P. M. Lesne, A NON-LINEAR CONTINUOUS FATIGUE DAMAGE MODEL, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.105, issue.1, pp.1-17, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02321056

J. Chaboche, On some modifications of kinematic hardening to improve the description of ratchetting effects, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.7, issue.7, pp.661-678, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0749-6419(91)90050-9

S. Chapuliot, C. Gourdin, T. Payen, J. P. Magnaud, and A. Monavon, Hydro-thermal-mechanical analysis of thermal fatigue in a mixing tee, Nuclear Engineering and Design, vol.235, issue.5, pp.575-596, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2004.09.011

E. Charkaluk and A. Constantinescu, An energetic approach in thermomechanical fatigue for silicon molybdenum cast iron, Materials at High Temperatures, vol.1, issue.1, pp.373-380, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(98)00027-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00141689

P. Chellapandi, S. C. Chetal, and R. Baldev, Thermal striping limits for components of sodium cooled fast spectrum reactors, Nuclear Engineering and Design, vol.239, issue.12, pp.2754-2765, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.08.014

M. Cipiere and O. Goltrant, Circuit RRA N4 ? Incident de Civaux 1 ? Endommagement par fatigue thermique de tuyauteries situées dans les zones de mélange, Fontevraud V, Contribution of material investigations to the resolution of problems encountered in PWR's, France, pp.23-27, 2002.

J. Colin, A. Fatemi, and S. Taheri, Fatigue Behavior of Stainless Steel 304L Including Strain Hardening, Prestraining, and Mean Stress Effects, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.132, issue.2, 2010.
DOI : 10.1115/1.4000224

J. Cognard, V. Feuardent, and J. Virely, Integrated design and manufacturing in mechanical engineering. section optimisation of a structure for biaxial mechanical tests, 1997.

B. Crossland, Effect of large hydrostatic pressures on the torsional fatigue strength of an alloy steel, Proc. of the Inter. Conf. on Fatigue Metals. Inst. Mech. Engrg, pp.138-149, 1956.

D. Van and K. , Sur la résistance à la fatigue des métaux, Sciences et techniques de l'armement, 1973.

D. Van, K. Papadopoulos, and I. , High Cycle Metal Fatigue, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-2474-1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00112732

P. Delobelle, P. Robinet, and L. Bocher, Experimental study and phenomenological modelization of ratchet under uniaxial and biaxial loading on an austenitic stainless steel, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.11, issue.4, pp.295-330, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(95)00001-1

R. Desmorat, F. Pauget, and J. Sermage, DAMAGE-2005: A Post-Processor for High Cycle Fatigue Under Complex Thermomechanical Loading, Volume 3: Design and Analysis, pp.23-27, 2006.
DOI : 10.1115/PVP2006-ICPVT-11-93328

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00022270

R. Desmorat, A. Kane, M. Seyedi, and J. Sermage, Two scale damage model and related numerical issues for thermo-mechanical High Cycle Fatigue, European Journal of Mechanics -A/Solids, pp.909-935, 2007.

C. Doudard, M. Poncelet, S. Calloch, C. Boue, F. Hild et al., Determination of an HCF criterion by thermal measurements under biaxial cyclic loading, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.29, issue.4, pp.748-757, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.06.009

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322198

G. H. Eichelmann and F. C. Hull, The effect of composition on the temperature of spontaneous transformation of austenite to martensite in 18, stainless steel, Transactions of the ASM, p.77, 1953.

A. Fatemi and L. Yang, Cumulative fatigue damage and life prediction theories: a survey of the state of the art for homogeneous materials, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.20, issue.1, pp.9-34, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0142-1123(97)00081-9

A. Fissolo, S. Amiable, O. Ancelet, F. Mermaz, J. M. Stelmaszyk et al., Crack initiation under thermal fatigue: An overview of CEA experience. Part I: Thermal fatigue appears to be more damaging than uniaxial isothermal fatigue, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.31, issue.3, pp.31-587, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00438553

M. Gerland, R. Alain, A. Saadi, B. Mendez, and J. , Low cycle fatigue behaviour in vacuum of a 316L-type austenitic stainless steel between 20 and 600??C???Part II: Dislocation structure evolution and correlation with cyclic behaviour, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.229, issue.1-2, pp.68-86, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(96)10560-8

R. Hamam, F. Hild, and S. Roux, Stress Intensity Factor Gauging by Digital Image Correlation: Application in Cyclic Fatigue, Strain, vol.24, issue.3, pp.181-192, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2007.00345.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322199

F. Hild and S. Roux, Digital Image Correlation: from measurement to identification, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00013816

T. Itoh, M. Sakane, and M. Ohnami, High Temperature Multiaxial Low Cycle Fatigue of Cruciform Specimen, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol.116, issue.1, pp.90-98, 1994.
DOI : 10.1115/1.2904261

J. Kaleta and G. Zietek, REPRESENTATION OF CYCLIC PROPERTIES OF AUSTENITIC STEELS WITH PLASTICITY-INDUCED MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol.21, issue.8, pp.955-964, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-2695.1998.00086.x

N. Kimura, H. Miyakoshi, and H. Kamide, Experimental investigation on transfer characteristics of temperature fluctuation from liquid sodium to wall in parallel triple-jet, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.50, issue.9-10, pp.2024-2036, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.09.030

U. Kurpp, H. J. Christ, P. Lezuo, H. J. Maier, and R. G. Teteruk, Influence of carbon concentration on martensitic transformation in metastable austenitic steels under cyclic loading conditions, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.319, issue.321, pp.319-527, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01087-5

G. Lanza, Strength of shafting subject to both twisting and bending. trans, ASME, vol.8, p.130, 1886.

D. Lefebvre, C. Chebl, L. Thibodeau, and E. Khazzari, A high-strain biaxial-testing rig for thin-walled tubes under axial load and pressure, Experimental Mechanics, vol.104, issue.3, pp.384-392, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02330053

J. Lemaitre, A Course on Damage Mechanics, 1992.

J. Lemaitre and I. Doghri, Damage 90: a post processor for crack initiation, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.115, issue.3-4, pp.197-232, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(94)90060-4

J. Lemaitre, J. Sermage, and R. Desmorat, A two scale damage concept applied to fatigue, International Journal of Fracture, vol.97, issue.1/4, pp.67-81, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1018641414428

L. Roux and J. , Influence de paramètres métallurgiques et d'essai sur l'amorçage des fissures de fatigue en déformation imposée des aciers inoxydables austénitiques, Note EDF R&D HT-26/03, 2004.

S. S. Manson and M. Hirschberg, Fatigue: An Interdisciplinary Approach, 1964.

J. Marin, Résistance des métaux à la fatigue par contraintes biaxiales, Jal of Applied Mechanics, vol.16, p.383, 1949.

W. Mason, Alternating stress experiments, Proc. Inst, pp.187-190, 1917.
DOI : 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1917_092_010_02

S. W. Mcclaren and F. L. Terry, Characteristics of aerospace materials subjected to biaxial static and fatigue loading conditions, A.S.M.E. Paper, pp.63-315, 1963.

S. Mcneill, W. Peters, and M. Sutton, Estimation of stress intensity factor by digital image correlation, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.28, issue.1, pp.101-112, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-7944(87)90124-X

E. Molinie, Caractéristiques des tronçons RRA 900-1300 déposés : synthèse et enseignements acquis, Fontevraud V, Contribution of materials investigations to the resolution of problems encountered in PWR, pp.23-27, 2002.

C. Müller-bollenhagen, M. Zimmermann, and H. Christ, Very high cycle fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steel and the effect of strain-induced martensite, International Journal of Fatigue, vol.32, issue.6, pp.936-942, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.05.007

N. Ohno and J. D. Wang, Kinematic hardening rules with critical state of dynamic recovery, part I: formulation and basic features for ratchetting behavior, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.9, issue.3, pp.375-403, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0749-6419(93)90042-O

S. Otin, R. Desmorat, and B. Bambrine, Incremental damage laws for design of turbomachines, ICNM 5 ? 5th International Conference on Nonlinear Mechanics, pp.11-14, 2007.

E. Paffumi, K. Nilsson, and N. G. Taylor, Simulation of thermal fatigue damage in a 316L model pipe component, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, vol.85, issue.11, pp.798-813, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2008.06.002

K. Pascoe and J. De-villiers, Low cycle fatigue of steels under biaxial straining, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, vol.3, issue.2, pp.117-126, 1967.
DOI : 10.1243/03093247V022117

L. Portier, S. Calloch, D. Marquis, and P. Geyer, Ratchetting under tension???torsion loadings: experiments and modelling, International Journal of Plasticity, vol.16, issue.3-4, pp.303-335, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00056-X

J. Rupil, N. Malésys, L. Vincent, and F. Hild, Contribution of mechanical fatigue experiments to the improvement of a probabilistic model for the formation of crack networks under thermal fatigue, 2009.

J. Sermage, Fatigue thermique multiaxiale à température variable, 1998.

J. Sermage, J. Lemaitre, and R. Desmorat, Multiaxial creep fatigue under anisothermal conditions, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, pp.241-252, 2000.

E. Shiratori and K. Ikegami, A new biaxial tensile testing machine with flat specimen, Bull Tokyo Inst Technol, vol.82, pp.105-118, 1967.

G. Sines, Behavior of metals under complex static and alternating stresses, pp.145-169, 1959.

J. Stephan, F. Curtit, C. Vindeirinho, S. Taheri, M. Akamatsu et al., Evaluation of the risk of damages in mixing zones: EDF R&D program, pp.4-8, 2002.

J. Stolarz, N. Baffie, and T. Magnin, Fatigue short crack behavior in metastable austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes, Mat. Sci. Eng. A, issue.21, pp.319-521, 2001.

S. Vanlanduit, J. Vanherzeele, R. Longo, and P. Guillaume, A digital image correlation method for fatigue test experiments, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol.47, issue.3-4, pp.371-378, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2008.03.016

L. Vincent, G. Perez, . Dmn, . Srma-/-lc2m-/, and . Nt, Etude de la fatigue d'un acier inoxydable austénitique aux faibles niveaux de chargement, 2005.

W. Weibull, A statistical distribution function of wide applicability, ASME J. Appl. Mech, vol.18, issue.3, pp.293-297, 1951.

I. Wilson and D. White, Cruciform specimens for biaxial fatigue tests: An investigation using finite-element analysis and photoelastic-coating techniques, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, vol.6, issue.1, pp.27-37, 1971.
DOI : 10.1243/03093247V061027