Structure of the French farm-to-table surveillance system for Salmonella
Résumé
The French surveillance system for Salmonella is based on a national system which can be traced back to 1947 for human cases and to the late 1980s for the main animal reservoirs. This system has evolved with regard to both European regulations and changes in the observed prevalence of Salmonella. European regulations establish a solid foundation on which to build an active harmonised surveillance system at the production level and for integrating data from the whole food chain. There are also passive surveillance networks in the agri-food and veterinary sectors and these allow complementary information to be obtained from other sectors or sources. The main strengths and weaknesses of these systems are described and a comparison of the different approaches is presented using a grid analysis. The results show that passive systems are very useful for detecting emerging or unusual events and for early warning of outbreaks. They also produce time series of cases or can determine the number of strains that should be used to assess the impact of interventions. Active surveillance data, due to their representativeness and reliability, are key elements in the application of risk analysis tools such as quantitative risk assessment or attribution. Thus, although data is collected and analysed by various organisations, these organisations all collaborate at a national level. Furthermore, their implication in European and international projects is effective and the main objectives of a surveillance system can be met.
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