S. Barab, J. Makinster, J. Moore, D. Cunningham, and . Team, Designing and building an online community: The struggle to support sociability in the Inquiry Learning Forum, Educational Technology Research and Development, issue.4, pp.49-71, 2001.

C. A. Brito-mírian, G. M. Da-nóbrega, and K. M. De-oliveira, Integrating Instructional Material and Teaching Experience into a Teachers Collaborative Learning Environment, First European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, pp.458-463, 2006.

J. S. Brown and P. Duguid, Organizational Learning and Communities-of-Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning, and Innovation, Organization Science, vol.2, issue.1, pp.40-57, 1991.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.2.1.40

J. S. Brown, A. Collins, and P. Duguid, Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning, Educational Researcher, vol.18, issue.1, pp.32-42, 1989.
DOI : 10.3102/0013189X018001032

J. Casey, K. Brosnan, and W. Greller, Prospects for using learning objects and learning design as staff development tools in higher education, Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age, pp.14-16, 2005.

B. Class and D. Schneider, Tutorat, socio-constructivisme et capitalisation des connaissances dans un portail communautaire utilisé en éducation à distance [online], Proceedings of Eifad (École d'Ingénierie de la Formation à Distance) Symposium, 2004.

G. Conole, J. Culver, P. Williams, S. Cross, P. Clark et al., Cloudworks: Social networking for learning design, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol.25, issue.5, pp.187-196, 2008.
DOI : 10.14742/ajet.1120

URL : http://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1120

J. P. Cuthell, The role of a web-based community in teacher professional development, International Journal of Web Based Communities, vol.4, issue.2, pp.115-139, 2008.
DOI : 10.1504/IJWBC.2008.017668

É. Delozanne, B. Grugeon, and P. Jacoboni, Analyses de l'activité et IHM pour l'éducation, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interaction Homme Machine, pp.25-32, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/777005.777010

C. Després, Synchronous Tutoring in Distance Learning, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2003), pp.20-24, 2003.

A. Dufresne, J. Basque, G. Paquette, M. Léonard, K. Lundgren-cayrol et al., Vers un modèle générique d'assistance aux acteurs du téléapprentissage, Revue STICEF, vol.10, pp.57-88, 2003.

C. Floyd, STEPS---a methodical approach to PD, Communications of the ACM, vol.36, issue.6, p.83, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/153571.214826

D. Galanouli, C. Murphy, and J. Gardner, Teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of ICT-competence training, Computers & Education, vol.43, issue.1-2, pp.63-79, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compedu.2003.12.005

E. Garrot, S. George, and P. Prévôt, A system to support tutors in adapting distance learning situations to students, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Information Systems, pp.19-22, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00165385

E. Garrot, S. George, and P. Prévôt, The Development of TE-Cap: An Assistance Environment for Online Tutors, Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, pp.481-486, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-75195-3_41

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00178426

E. Garrot, S. George, and P. Prévôt, Supporting a virtual community of tutors in experience capitalising, International Journal of Web Based Communities, vol.5, issue.3, pp.407-427, 2009.
DOI : 10.1504/IJWBC.2009.025216

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00392790

E. Garrot-lavoué, Interconnection of Communities of Practice: a Web Platform for Knowledge Management, International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing, 2009.

S. George, Bridging the Gap between Human Communications and Distance-Learning Activities, Eshaa M. Alkhalifa, Cognitively Informed Systems: Utilizing Practical Approaches to Enrich Information Presentation and Transfer. Idea Group Publishing, pp.102-116, 2006.
DOI : 10.4018/978-1-59140-842-0.ch005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00155648

H. Godinet and C. Caron, L'accompagnement du processus d'apprentissage dans le Campus Numérique FORSE : modalités et outils, Proceedings of the Conference on Environnements Informatiques pour l'Apprentissage Humain (EIAH 2003), pp.15-17, 2003.

K. Holtzblatt and H. Beyer, Making customer-centered design work for teams, Communications of the ACM, vol.36, issue.10, pp.92-103, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/163430.164050

M. Jarke, Scenarios for modeling, Communications of the ACM, vol.42, issue.1, pp.47-48, 1999.
DOI : 10.1145/291469.293167

N. Karacapilidis and M. Tzagarakis, Web-Based Collaboration and Decision Making Support, International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, vol.2, issue.4, pp.12-23, 2007.
DOI : 10.4018/jwltt.2007100102

J. Koh and Y. G. Kim, Knowledge sharing in virtual communities: an e-business perspective, Expert Systems with Applications, vol.26, issue.2, pp.155-166, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0957-4174(03)00116-7

S. Kuhn and M. J. Muller, Participatory design, Communications of the ACM, vol.36, issue.4, pp.24-28, 1993.

C. Laperrousaz, P. Leroux, and P. Teutsch, Analyzing a collaborative writing activity in order to improve tutor's perception of individual contributions of learners, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 05), pp.5-8, 2005.

J. Lave and E. Wenger, Situated Learning. Legitimate Peripheral Participation, p.138, 1991.

G. Lefoe, J. Hedberg, and C. Gunn, The changing role of tutors: forming a community of practice in a distributed learning environment, International Conference on Computers in Education, 2002. Proceedings., pp.729-733, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/CIE.2002.1186060

W. E. Mackay and A. Fayard, HCI, natural science and design, Proceedings of the conference on Designing interactive systems processes, practices, methods, and techniques, DIS '97, pp.223-234, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/263552.263612

M. Mcpherson and M. B. Nunes, The role of tutors as an integral part of online learning support [online], Distance and E-Learning (EURODL), 1. Available from: www.eurodl.org/materials, 2004.

M. Muller, Participatory Design: the third space in HCI The Human Computer Interaction Handbook, 2003.

T. G. Pashnyak and V. P. Dennen, What and Why do Classroom Teachers Blog? In: IADIS Web Based Communities Conference, pp.172-178, 2007.

J. Preece, Sociability and usability in online communities: Determining and measuring success, Behaviour & Information Technology, vol.2, issue.5, pp.347-356, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-044481862-1/50125-4

M. Schlager and J. Fusco, Teacher Professional Development, Technology, and Communities of Practice, pp.120-153, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511805080.009

P. D. Sherer, T. P. Shea, and E. Kristensen, Online Communities of Practice: A Catalyst for Faculty Development. Innovative Higher Education, pp.27-183, 2003.

K. Song, X. Hu, A. Olney, and A. C. Graesser, A framework of synthesizing tutoring conversation capability with web-based distance education courseware, Computers & Education, vol.42, issue.4, pp.375-388, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compedu.2003.09.002

G. Stahl, M. Rohde, and V. Wulf, Computer support for learning communities, Behaviour and Information Technology, vol.26, issue.1, pp.1-3, 2007.

E. Wenger, Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511803932

R. E. West, G. Waddoups, and C. R. Graham, Understanding the experiences of instructors as they adopt a course management system, Educational Technology Research and Development, vol.35, issue.4, pp.1-26, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s11423-006-9018-1

L. E. Wood, Semi-structured interviewing for user-centered design interactions. Interactions, pp.48-61, 1997.