H. Agt, G. Bauhoff, R. Kutsche, N. Milanovic, and J. Widiker, Semantic Annotation and Conflict Analysis for Information System Integration, Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Model-Driven Tool & Process Integration, pp.7-18, 2010.

W. F. Aspray, The Scientific Conceptualization of Information: A Survey, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol.7, issue.2, pp.117-157, 1985.
DOI : 10.1109/MAHC.1985.10018

I. Astrova, Reverse Engineering of Relational Databases to Ontologies, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp.327-341, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-25956-5_23

A. Badia, Conceptual modeling for semistructured data, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (Workshops), 2002., pp.170-177, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/WISEW.2002.1177860

R. Barker, CASE* Method: Entity Relationship Modelling, 1990.

S. Bechhofer, L. Carr, C. Goble, S. Kampa, and T. Miles-board, The Semantics of Semantic Annotation, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics for Large Scale Information Systems, pp.1151-1167, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-36124-3_73

D. Berardi, D. Calvanese, and G. De-giacomo, Reasoning on UML class diagrams, Artificial Intelligence, vol.168, issue.1-2, pp.1-2, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.artint.2005.05.003

J. Bézivin and I. Kurtev, Model-based Technology Integration with the Technical Space Concept, Proceedings of the Metainformatics Symposium, 2005.

H. Bidgol, The Internet Encyclopedia, p.707, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/047148296X

M. Born, F. Dorr, and I. Weber, User-Friendly Semantic Annotation in Business Process Modeling, Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Web information systems engineering, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-77010-7_25

N. Boudjlida, C. Dong, S. Baïna, H. Panetto, J. Krogstie et al., A practical experiment on semantic enrichment of enterprise models in a homogeneous environment Enterprise semantic modelling for interoperability, Proceedings of the 12th IEEE conference on emerging technologies and factory automation, pp.847-854, 2006.

S. Boyce and C. Pahl, Developing Domain Ontologies for Course Content, Educational Technology & Society, pp.275-288, 2007.

M. Bunge, Ontology I: The Furniture of the World, Treatise on Basic Philosophy, 1977.

D. Carney, D. Fisher, E. Morris, and P. Place, Some current Approaches to Interoperability, technical note CMU/SEI-2005-TN-033, 2005.

R. S. Chen, P. Nadkarni, L. Marenco, F. Levin, J. Erdos et al., Exploring Performance Issues for a Clinical Database Organized Using an, 2000.

C. Roger, H. L. Barron, T. M. , S. Veda, and C. , Reverse engineering of relational databases: Extraction of an EER model from a relational database, In Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol.12, issue.2, pp.107-142, 1994.

E. Clarke and J. Wing, Formal methods: state of the art and future directions, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.28, issue.4, pp.626-643, 1996.
DOI : 10.1145/242223.242257
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00444076

B. Czejdo, R. Elmasri, M. Rusinkiewicz, and D. W. Embley, A graphical data manipulation language for an extended entity-relationship model, Computer, vol.23, issue.3, pp.26-37, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/2.50270

D. Bo, J. Spyns, P. Meersman, R. Ipw, . Jtres et al., Creating a " DOGMAtic " multilingual ontology infrastructure to support a semantic portal, proceedings of the OTM confederated international workshops HCI, pp.253-266, 2003.

C. Diamantini and D. Potena, Semantic enrichment of strategic datacubes, Proceeding of the ACM 11th international workshop on Data warehousing and OLAP, DOLAP '08, pp.81-88, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1458432.1458447

G. Ding and N. Xu, Automatic semantic annotation of images based on web data, Proceedings of the 6th international conference of Information Assurance and Security, pp.317-322, 2010.

A. Doan, J. Madhavan, P. Domingos, and A. Y. Halevy, Learning to map between ontologies on the semantic web, Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on World Wide Web , WWW '02, pp.662-673, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/511446.511532

D. Ellis, The dilemma of measurement in information retrieval research, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.47, issue.1, pp.23-36, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199601)47:1<23::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-4

D. C. Engelbart, Augmenting human intellect: a conceptual framework, Menlo Park, 1962.

J. Euzenat, Towards a principled approach to semantic interoperability, CEUR Proceedings of the IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pp.19-25, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00822909

N. Fernández, Semantic Annotation Introduction, 2010.

R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, and J. Rice, Tools for Assembling Modular Ontologies in Ontolingua, Proceedings of the 14th national conference on artificial intelligence and 9th conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence, pp.436-441, 1997.

M. M. Fonkam and W. A. Gray, An approach to eliciting the semantics of relational databases, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.593, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0035148

D. S. Frankel, Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing, 2003.

E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides, Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software, 1995.

N. Guarino, Formal Ontology in Information Systems, 1998.

N. Guarino, Understanding, building and using ontologies, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.46, issue.2-3, pp.2-3, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0091
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.29.2610

R. S. Seeley, Manufacturing execution systems in MED, DEVICE DIAGN IND, vol.19, issue.11, pp.64-68, 1997.

M. Sharir, A strong-connectivity algorithm and its applications in data flow analysis, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol.7, issue.1, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0898-1221(81)90008-0

A. Sheth, Changing Focus on Interoperability in Information Systems:From System, Syntax, Structure to Semantics, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-5189-8_2

M. K. Smith, C. Welty, and D. L. Mcguinness, OWL Web Ontology Language Guide, World Wide Web Consortium, 2004.

H. Störrle, Semantics and Verification of Data Flow in UML 2.0 Activities, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, pp.35-52, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.entcs.2004.08.046

G. Stumme and A. Maedche, Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on the Semantic Web, Proceedings of the International Workshop for Foundations of Models for Information Integration, 2001.

G. Stumme and A. Maedche, FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies, Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2001.

H. N. Talantikite, D. Aïssani, and N. Boudjlida, Semantic annotations for web services discovery and composition, Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol.31, issue.6, pp.6-1108, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.csi.2008.09.041
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00344741

A. Tolk, S. Y. Diallo, and C. D. Turnitsa, Applying the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Modelling Support of Integrability, Interoperability, and Composability for System-of-Systems Engineering, Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, pp.65-74, 2007.

R. Aspray and W. F. , The Scientific Conceptualization of Information: A Survey Conceptual Modeling for Semistructured Data, Annals of the History of Computing Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops, pp.117-157, 1985.

R. Barker, CASE* Method: Entity Relationship Modelling, 1990.

D. Berardi, D. Calvanese, and G. De-giacomo, Reasoning on UML class diagrams, Artificial Intelligence, vol.168, issue.1-2, pp.1-2, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.artint.2005.05.003
URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2005.05.003

J. Bézivin and I. Kurtev, Model-based Technology Integration with the Technical Space Concept, Proceedings of the Metainformatics Symposium, p.707, 2004.

D. Carney, D. Fisher, E. Morris, and P. Place, Some current Approaches to Interoperability, technical note CMU/SEI-2005-TN-033, 2005.

D. C. Engelbart, Augmenting human intellect: a conceptual framework, Menlo Park, 1962.

M. M. Fonkam and W. A. Gray, An approach to eliciting the semantics of relational databases, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.593, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0035148

D. S. Frankel, Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing, 2003.

N. Guarino, Formal Ontology in Information Systems, 1998.

T. A. Halpin, A fact-oriented approach to schema transformation, Proc. MFDBS-91, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-54009-1_24

T. Halpin, Handbook on Architectures of Information Systems Chapter, 1998.

L. Henrard and J. Hainaut, Data Dependency Elicitation in Database Reverse Engineering Software Maintenance and Reengineering, Fifth European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, p.11, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/csmr.2001.914963

U. Hohenstein and G. Engels, Formal semantics of an entity-relationshipbased query language', Entity-Relationship Approach: the core of conceptual modelling A Compilation of IEEE Standard Computer Glossaries, Proc. 9th ER conf.), ed. H. Kangassalo IEEE: Standard Computer Dictionary, pp.610-1990, 1990.

S. Laongsri, Semantic Extensions and a Novel Approach to Conceptual Modelling A Conceptual Model for XML, Proceedings of the Second International XML Database Symposium, pp.128-142, 2004.

F. Manola and E. Miller, RDF Primer. In World Wide Web Consortium, Recommendation REC-rdf-primer, 2004.

R. Meersman and Z. Tari, On The Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, OTM 2003 Workshops OTM Confederated International Workshops, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01492728

L. J. Obrst, M. Blaha, W. Premerlani, and F. Eddy, Ontologies for semantically interoperable systems Object Management Group Architecture-Driven Modernization specification http://adm.omg.org OMG Object Oriented Modeling and Design, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 1991.

S. Russel and P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach, 1995.

R. S. Seeley, Manufacturing execution systems in MED, DEVICE DIAGN IND, vol.19, issue.11, pp.64-68, 1997.

A. Sheth, Changing Focus on Interoperability in Information Systems:From System, Syntax, Structure to Semantics, Interoperating Geographic Information Systems, pp.5-30, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-5189-8_2

M. K. Smith, C. Welty, and D. L. Mcguinness, OWL Web Ontology Language Guide, World Wide Web Consortium, 2004.

A. Tursi, H. Panetto, G. Morel, and M. Dassisti, Ontological approach for products-centric information system interoperability in networked manufacturing enterprises, Annual Reviews in Control, vol.33, issue.2, pp.238-245, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2009.05.003

E. Vyvyan, Lexical Concepts, Cognitive Models and Meaning- Construction, Cognitive Linguistics, pp.491-534, 2006.

E. Yahia, J. Yang, A. Aubry, and H. Panetto, On the use of Description Logic for Semantic Interoperability of Enterprise Systems In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2009 Workshops, 4th IFAC/IFIP Workshop on Enterprise Integration, Interoperability and Networking (EI2N'2009), 2009.

E. Yahia, M. Lezoche, A. Aubry, H. Panetto, and W. F. Aspray, Semantics enactment in Enterprise Information Systems The Scientific Conceptualization of Information: A Survey, 18th IFAC World Congress, pp.117-157, 1985.

A. Badia, R. Barker, D. Berardi, D. Calvanese, and G. De-giacomo, Conceptual Modeling for Semistructured Data CASE* Method: Entity Relationship Modelling Reasoning on UML class diagrams, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops Kurtev, I. 2005. Model-based Technology Integration with the Technical Space Concept. Proceedings of the Metainformatics Symposium, pp.170-177, 1990.

D. In, H. L. Roger, T. M. Barron, S. Veda, and C. , Enterprise Interoperability Framework and knowledge corpus, Interoperability Research for Networked Enterprises Applications and Software Network of Excellence, n° IST 508-011 Reverse engineering of relational databases: Extraction of an EER model from a relational database, In Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol.2, issue.2, pp.107-142, 1994.

D. C. Engelbart, Augmenting human intellect: a conceptual framework, Menlo Park, 1962.

M. M. Fonkam and W. A. Gray, An approach to eliciting the semantics of relational databases, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.593, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0035148

D. S. Frankel, Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing, 2003.

N. Guarino, Formal Ontology in Information Systems, 1998.

T. A. Halpin, A fact-oriented approach to schema transformation, Proc. MFDBS-91, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-54009-1_24

T. Halpin, Handbook on Architectures of Information Systems Chapter, 1998.

U. Hohenstein and G. Engels, Formal semantics of an entityrelationship-based query language', Entity-Relationship Approach: the core of conceptual modelling, Proc. 9th ER conf.), ed. H. Kangassalo, 1991.

S. Laongsri, Semantic Extensions and a Novel Approach to Conceptual Modelling, 2009.

M. Lezoche, H. Panetto, and A. Aubry, Conceptualisation approach for Cooperative Information Systems interoperability, 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems ICEIS 101-110, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00583866

M. Mani, A Conceptual Model for XML, Proceedings of the Second International XML Database Symposium, pp.128-142, 2004.

F. Manola and E. Miller, RDF Primer. In World Wide Web Consortium, Recommendation REC-rdf-primer, 2004.

R. Meersman and Z. Tari, Creating a " DOGMAtic " Multilingual Ontology Infrastructure to Support a Semantic Portal On The Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, OTM 2003 Workshops OTM Confederated International Workshops, pp.978-981, 2003.

L. Obrst, Ontologies for semantically interoperable systems, Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on Information and knowledge management , CIKM '03, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/956863.956932

J. Rumbaugh, M. Blaha, W. Premerlani, F. Eddy, and W. Lorensen, Object Management Group. UML 2.0 Superstructure Specification http Object Oriented Modeling and Design, OMG, 1991.

S. Russel and P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach, 1995.

R. S. Seeley, Manufacturing execution systems in MED, DEVICE DIAGN IND, vol.19, issue.11, pp.64-68, 1997.

M. K. Smith, C. Welty, and D. L. Mcguinness, OWL Web Ontology Language Guide, World Wide Web Consortium, 2004.

E. Vyvyan, Lexical Concepts, Cognitive Models and Meaning- Construction, Cognitive Linguistics, pp.491-534, 2006.

E. Yahia, Contribution à l'Evaluation de l'Interopérabilité Sémantique entre Systèmes d'Information d'Entreprises : Application aux Systèmes d'Information de Pilotage de la Production, 2011.

N. Boudjlida and H. Panetto, Annotation of Enterprise Models for Interoperability Purposes, 2008 International Workshop on Advanced Information Systems for Enterprises, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/IWAISE.2008.15
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00232842

E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software, 1995.

T. Halpin, Object-Role Modeling, Handbook on Architectures of Information, 1998.
DOI : 10.4018/jismd.2010092302

T. Halpin, Fact-Oriented Modeling: Past, Present and Future, Conceptual Modelling in Information Systems Engineering, pp.19-38, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-72677-7_2

H. Panetto and A. Molina, Enterprise integration and interoperability in manufacturing systems: Trends and issues, Special issue on Enterprise Integration and Interoperability in Manufacturing Systems. Computers In Industry, pp.166-3615, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compind.2007.12.010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00259678

M. Sharir, A strong-connectivity algorithm and its applications in data flow analysis, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol.7, issue.1, pp.67-72, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0898-1221(81)90008-0

F. B. Vernadat, Enterprise Integration and Interoperability, Springer Handbook of Automation, pp.1529-1538, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_86
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00357637

F. B. Vernadat, Enterprise Modelling and Integration, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-387-35621-1_4

L. Whitman, D. Santanu, and H. Panetto, AN ENTERPRISE MODEL OF INTEROPERABILITY, Proceeding of the 12th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems, in Manufacturing (INCOM'2006 Fig. 2. Examples of Ontolingua F?logic (b) and OWL (c), 2006.
DOI : 10.3182/20060517-3-FR-2903.00311
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00082037

. Lin, In order to separately annotate meta-models (modelling language) and their process models, the author designs two ontologies: General Process Ontology (GPO) and Domain Ontology. The design of GPO is based on Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) Ontology GPO contains nine main concepts: Activity, Artifact, Actor-role, Input, Output, Precondition, Postcondition, Exception and WorkflowPattern. Relations between above concepts are has_actorrole , has_artifact, has_subActiviy, has_input, has_output, related_to, has_precondition, has_postcondition, has_exception, handled_by (e.g. Activity uses has_actor-role relation to link Actor-role) The Domain ontology is formalized according to SCOR 15 specifications, Bunge, 1977.

. Agt, designed a semantic meta-model (SMM) to describe domain ontologies Artefacts in ontology are castigated as DomainFunction and DomainObject. The relations (predicates) among Objects and Functions are defined as, etc. A RDF-like triple (e.g., Tax Has TaxNumber) is used as the statement in SMM, 2010.

. Born, used two kinds of ontologies: sBPMN 16 ontology and a domain ontology. The first ontology is used to represent BPMN process models. The second ontology defines domain objects, states and actions according to objects lifecycle, which is used to provide the user advices during the modelling process, More details of above ontologies can be found in references, 2007.

. Class, R. Individualsobjectproperty>, H. Agt, G. Bauhoff, R. Kutsche et al., Wine"> <rdfs:subClassOfrdf:resource="&food;PotableLiquid"/> <rdfs:labelxml:lang="en">wine</rdfs:label> <rdfs:labelxml:lang="fr">vin</rdfs:label> </owl:Class> Properties: <owl:ObjectPropertyrdf:ID="hasWineDescriptor"> <rdfs:domainrdf:resource="#Wine" /> <rdfs:rangerdf:resource=, Semantic Annotation and Conflict Analysis for Information System Integration. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Model?Driven Tool & Process Integration, pp.7-18, 2010.

S. Bechhofer, L. Carr, C. Goble, S. Kampa, and T. Miles?board, The Semantics of Semantic Annotation, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics for Large Scale Information Systems, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-36124-3_73

S. Boyce and C. Pahl, Developing Domain Ontologies for Course Content, 2007.

M. Bunge, Ontology I: The Furniture of the World Semantic enrichment of strategic datacubes, Proceedings of the ACM 11th International Workshop on Data Warehousing and OLAP. 81?88, 1977.

G. Ding and N. Xu, Automatic semantic annotation of images based on web data, Proceedings of the 6 th international conference of Information Assurance and Security, pp.317-322, 2010.

D. Ellis, The dilemma of measurement in information retrieval research, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.47, issue.1, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199601)47:1<23::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-4

N. R. Fernández, A. Farquhar, and J. Rice, Semantic Annotation Introduction Available at <http://www.it.uc3m.es/labgimi/teoria/Module2 Tools for Assembling Modular Ontologies in Ontolingua, Proceedings of the 14th national conference on artificial intelligence and 9th conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence. 436?441, 1997.

I. Horrocks, P. F. Patel?schneider, and F. V. Harmelen, From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: the making of a Web Ontology Language, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, vol.1, issue.1, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.websem.2003.07.001

Y. Lin, Semantic Annotation for Process Models: Facilitating Process Knowledge Management via Semantic Interoperability, 2008.

Y. Liao, D. Romain, J. Berre, and A. , Model-driven rule-based mediation in XML data exchange, Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Model-Drive Interoperability, MDI '10, pp.89-97, 2010.
DOI : 10.1145/1866272.1866284

P. Luong and R. Dieng?kuntz, A RULE-BASED APPROACH FOR SEMANTIC ANNOTATION EVOLUTION, Computational Intelligence, vol.37, issue.7, pp.320-338, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2007.00308.x

M. Kifer, G. Lausen, and J. Wu, Logical foundations of object-oriented and frame-based languages, Journal of the ACM, vol.42, issue.4, pp.4-741, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/210332.210335

J. Kopecký, T. Vitvar, C. Bournez, and J. Farrell, SAWSDL: Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema, IEEE Internet Computing, vol.11, issue.6, pp.60-67, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/MIC.2007.134

J. Köpke and J. Eder, Semantic Annotation of XML-Schema for Document Transformations, Proceedings of the OTM Workshops. 5 th International Workshop on Enterprise Integration, Interoperability and Networking, pp.219-228, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-16961-8_39

A. Maedche and S. Staab, Measuring Similarity between Ontologies, Proceeding of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Ontologies and the Semantic Web. 251?263, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45810-7_24

S. J. Mellor, K. Scott, A. Uhl, and D. Weise, Model-Driven Architecture, Proceedings of the Workshop at the 8th International Conference on Object?Oriented Information Systems. 290?297, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-46105-1_33

S. J. Mellor, S. Kendall, A. Uhl, and D. Weise, Model-Driven Architecture, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-46105-1_33

D. Martin, M. Paolucci, and M. Wagner, Towards Semantic Annotations of Web Services: OWL?S from the SAWSDL Perspective, Proceedings of the OWL?S Experiences and Future Developments Workshop at ESWC, 2007.

R. Mizoguchi, Tutorial on ontological engineering Part 2: Ontology development, tools and languages, New Generation Computing, vol.16, issue.1, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03037281

N. F. Noy and M. A. Musen, PROMPT: Algorithm and Tool for Automated Ontology Merging and Alignment, Proceedings of the 17th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Twelfth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 450?455, 2000.

E. Oren, K. Hinnerk-möller, S. Scerri, S. Handschuh, M. Sintek et al., What are Semantic Annotations Meteor?S Web Service annotation framework, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the World Wide Web. 553?562, 2004.

W. Peng, X. Baowen, L. Jianjiang, K. Dazhou, and L. Yanhui, A novel approach to semantic annotation based on multi-ontologies, Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826), pp.1452-1457, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ICMLC.2004.1382002

L. H. Reeve and H. Han, Survey of semantic annotation platforms, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing , SAC '05, pp.1634-1638, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1066677.1067049

G. Stumme and A. Maedche, Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on the Semantic Web, Proceedings of the International Workshop for Foundations of Models for Information Integration, 2001.

G. Stumme and A. Maedche, FCA?MERGE: Bottom?Up Merging of Ontologies, Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2001.

Y. Wand and R. Weber, On the ontological expressiveness of information systems analysis and design grammars, Information Systems Journal, vol.64, issue.4, pp.217-237, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/32.60316