A 1 \ A 2 ? t??? t?? i?t? tr??s?t??? ?? ? ? ?s ,
A 2 \ A 1 ? t??? t?? i?t? tr??s?t??? ?? ? ? ?s ,
? ? 1 ??q???????t?? t?? ????t? ?? ? 3 ? ??? t??t ? i ?s ??ss ?r ?q??? t? t?? ????t? ?? ? 2 ??q???????t?? t?? ????t? ?? ? 4 ?? ,
)}, {p 1 }, {p 2 })? A 3 = ({q 1, A 1 = ({p 1 , p 2 }, {a}, {(p 1 )}, {q 1 }, {q 2 })? A 2 = ({p 3 )}, {p 3 }, {p 4 })? A 4 = ({q 4 }, {a}, {(q 4 , a, 0, q 4 )}, {q 4 }, {q 4 })?, p.4 ,
A3A4 (q 1 , q 4 )? (p 1 , p 3 ) A1A2,A3A4 (q 3, A1A2,A3A4 (q 2 , q 4 )? ???r???r? t?? s????ss??? ??t?s ? 12 = ((p 1, pp.3-4 ,
???s A 1 ? st A 3 ??? A 2 ? st A 4 ? ??t ? ?? ? s????ss??? ??t? ?? A 1 A 2 ? ?? Pr???s?t??? ??? t??r? ???sts ? s????ss??? ??t? ?? A 3 A 4 s?????r t? ? ??t? ? s?????r ??st? ?? ????? t??t ?? (p 1 , p 2 ) A1A2,A3A4 (p 3 , p 4 )? t??? p 1 A1A2 p 3 ??? p 2 A3A4 p 4 ? ?t s????s t? ?r??? t??t p 1 A1A2 p 3 ?????s? ?? t?? ??s? s????tr?? ?ss???, ) t? (p 1 , q 2 )? ????? (p 1 , p 2 ) A1A2,A3A4 (p 3 ,
A 1 st?rt??? ?r?? p 1 ???????? ?? a? ??t ?? tr??s?t??? ???????? ?? a st?rts ,
1 , q 1 ) ?? A 1 s??? t??t ??r ???r? tr??s?t??? ?? t?? ??r? (p 3 , a 1 , c 3 , q 3 ) ?? A 2 ? q 1 A1, pp.2-3 ,
? ???s cost(? ? 3 ) ? cost(? 1 ) ??? cost(? ? 4 ) ? cost(? 2 )? ????? cost(?) = cost(? 1 ) + cost(? 2 ) ??? s???? cost(? ? ) = cost(? ? 3 ) + cost(? ? 4 )? ??? ??s cost ,
ts tr??s??r t?? ??s?t?????? ??t? t? t?? ??r??r ?? t??? ?r? ?r???s? ??????? ??? ??r??r ??????s ? ??rt?????r ????r?t?? t? ??r?? ??t? ??t?? ,
t?? s?r???? ?r t?? s?r???? tr???? ??t ??s? ?? ??r???t?rs s??? ?s t?? ?????t? ,