R. Aerts, The advantages of being evergreen, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.10, issue.10, pp.402-407, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89156-9

J. M. Anderson, Competition between Two Unrelated Species of Soil Cryptostigmata (Acari) in Experimental Microcosms, The Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.47, issue.3, pp.787-803, 1978.
DOI : 10.2307/3671

P. Arpin, Mise au point sur la caractérisation biologique des humus forestiers par l'étude des Nématodes Mononchida. Revue d'Écologie et de, Biologie du Sol, vol.28, pp.133-144, 1991.

R. D. Bardgett, D. A. Wardle, and G. W. Yeates, Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions: how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.30, issue.14, pp.1867-1878, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00069-8

I. Barois, G. Villemin, P. Lavelle, and F. Toutain, Transformation of the soil structure through Pontoscolex corethrurus (Oligochaeta) intestinal tract, Geoderma, vol.56, issue.1-4, pp.57-66, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7061(93)90100-Y

B. C. Barratt, A CLASSIFICATION OF HUMUS FORMS AND MICRO-FABRICS OF TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS, Journal of Soil Science, vol.12, issue.1, pp.342-356, 1964.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1964.tb02231.x

B. C. Barratt, Differences in humus forms and their microfabrics induced by long-term topdressings in hayfields, Geoderma, vol.1, issue.3-4, pp.209-227, 1967.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7061(67)90028-6

E. Barros, P. Curmi, V. Hallaire, A. Chauvel, and P. Lavelle, The role of macrofauna in the transformation and reversibility of soil structure of an oxisol in the process of forest to pasture conversion, Geoderma, vol.100, issue.1-2, pp.193-213, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00086-0

M. H. Beare, D. C. Coleman, J. Crossley, D. A. Hendrix, P. F. Odum et al., A hierarchical approach to evaluating the significance of soil biodiversity to biogeochemical cycling, Plant and Soil, vol.154, issue.5, pp.5-22, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02183051

E. Belotti and U. Babel, Variability in space and time and redundancy as stabilizing principles of forest humus profiles, European Journal of Soil Biology, vol.29, pp.17-27, 1993.

N. Bernier, Altitudinal changes in humus form dynamics in a spruce forest at the montane level, Plant and Soil, vol.43, issue.1, pp.1-28, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00011159

N. Bernier, Earthworm feeding activity and development of the humus profile, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.26, issue.3, pp.215-223, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003740050370

N. Bernier and J. F. Ponge, Humus form dynamics during the sylvogenetic cycle in a mountain spruce forest, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.26, issue.2, pp.183-220, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90161-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00506004

G. B. Bonan and H. H. Shugart, Environmental Factors and Ecological Processes in Boreal Forests, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.20, issue.1, pp.1-28, 1989.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000245

C. H. Bornebusch, The fauna of forest soil, Det Forstlige Forsøgsvaesen, vol.11, pp.1-158, 1930.

N. C. Brady and R. R. Weil, The Nature and Properties of Soils, 1999.

M. I. Budyko, A. B. Ronov, and A. L. Yanshin, History of the Earth's Atmosphere, 1987.

Y. Capowiez, Differences in burrowing behaviour and spatial interaction between the two earthworm species Aporrectodea nocturna and Allolobophora chlorotica, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.30, issue.4, pp.341-346, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s003740050013

M. Chagnon, C. Hébert, and D. Paré, Community structures of Collembola in sugar maple forests: relations to humus type and seasonal trends, Pedobiologia, vol.44, issue.2, pp.148-174, 2000.
DOI : 10.1078/S0031-4056(04)70035-9

W. Cheng and D. C. Coleman, Effect of living roots on soil organic matter decomposition, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.22, issue.6, pp.781-787, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(90)90157-U

M. Clarholm, Possible roles for roots, bacteria, protozoa and fungi in supplying nitrogen to plants, Ecological Interactions in Soil. Plants, Microbes and Animals. Blackwell, pp.355-365, 1985.

D. Coates and A. D. Rayner, FUNGAL POPULATION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN CUT BEECH LOGS. III. SPATIAL DYNAMICS, INTERACTIONS AND STRATEGIES, New Phytologist, vol.8, issue.1, pp.183-198, 1985.
DOI : 10.1086/283244

P. J. Coughtrey, C. H. Jones, M. H. Martin, and S. W. Shales, Litter accumulation in woodlands contaminated by Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu, Litter accumulation in woodlands contaminated by Pb, pp.51-60, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00345996

J. Cromack, K. Sollins, P. Todd, R. L. Crossley, J. et al., Soil Microorganism???Arthropod Interactions: Fungi as Major Calcium and Sodium Sources, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-88448-1_9

R. C. Davis, Structure and Function of Two Antarctic Terrestrial Moss Communities, Ecological Monographs, vol.51, issue.2, pp.125-143, 1981.
DOI : 10.2307/2937260

S. Deleporte and P. Tillier, Long-term effects of mineral amendments on soil fauna and humus in an acid beech forest floor, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.118, issue.1-3, pp.245-252, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00505-2

O. Devêvre, J. Garbaye, and B. Botton, Release of complexing organic acids by rhizosphere fungi as a factor in Norway spruce yellowing in acidic soils, Mycological Research, vol.100, issue.11, pp.1367-1374, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0953-7562(96)80065-7

C. H. Dickinson, D. Dawson, and M. Goodfellow, Interactions between bacteria, streptomycetes and fungi from Picea sitchensis litter, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.13, issue.1, pp.65-71, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(81)90104-8

D. L. Dindal, Soil Biology Guide, 1990.

W. Dunger, Some remarks on the role of the soil in the evolution of early Antennata Soil Fauna and Soil Fertility, pp.198-202, 1987.

C. Gallet and P. Lebreton, Evolution of phenolic patterns in plants and associated litters and humus of a mountain forest ecosystem, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.27, issue.2, pp.157-165, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(94)00167-Y

C. Gallet, M. C. Nilsson, and O. Zackrisson, Phenolic metabolites of ecological significance in Empetrum hermaphroditum leaves and associated humus, Plant and Soil, vol.210, issue.1, pp.1-9, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004699402687

S. Gillet and J. F. Ponge, Humus forms and metal pollution in soil, European Journal of Soil Science, vol.80, issue.4, pp.529-540, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1026537632468

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00498581

C. H. Gimingham, S. B. Chapman, and N. R. Webb, European heathlands, Heathlands and Related Scrublands. Descriptive Studies, pp.365-413, 1979.

R. N. Green, R. L. Trowbridge, and K. Klinka, Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms, Forest Science Monographs, vol.29, pp.1-49, 1993.

J. P. Grime, Dominant and subordinate components of plant communities: implications for succession, stability and diversity, 1987.

J. P. Grime, La biodiversité n'est pas une fin en soi, l'urgence est d'identifier les espèces irremplaçables, La Recherche, vol.304, pp.40-41, 1997.

J. P. Grime, Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects, Journal of Ecology, vol.51, issue.6, pp.902-910, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90006-W

J. P. Grime and J. G. Hodgson, Botanical contributions to contemporary ecological theory. The New Phytologist 106 Suppl, pp.283-295, 1987.

J. P. Grime, J. M. Mackey, S. H. Hillier, and D. J. Read, Floristic diversity in a model system using experimental microcosms, Nature, vol.328, issue.6129, pp.420-422, 1987.
DOI : 10.1038/328420a0

R. A. Hansen, EFFECTS OF HABITAT COMPLEXITY AND COMPOSITION ON A DIVERSE LITTER MICROARTHROPOD ASSEMBLAGE, Ecology, vol.81, issue.4, pp.1120-1132, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/3546010

J. K. Haukka, Growth and survival of Eisenia fetida (Sav.) (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in relation to temperature, moisture and presence of Enchytraeus albidus (Henle) (Enchytraeidae), Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.3, issue.1-2, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00260587

M. H. Hayes, Darwin???s ???vegetable mould??? and some modern concepts of humus structure and soil aggregation, Earthworm Ecology. From Darwin to Vermiculture, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-5965-1_3

S. B. Heard, Processing Chain Ecology: Resource Condition and Interspecific Interactions, The Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.63, issue.2, pp.451-464, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/5562

P. E. Heilman, Change in Distribution and Availability of Nitrogen with Forest Succession on North Slopes in Interior Alaska, Ecology, vol.47, issue.5, pp.825-831, 1966.
DOI : 10.2307/1934268

V. Hintikka, Studies on white-rot humus formed by higher fungi in forest soils. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 69, pp.1-68, 1970.

D. U. Hooper, D. E. Bignell, V. K. Brown, L. Brussaard, J. M. Dangerfield et al., Interactions between Aboveground and Belowground Biodiversity in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Feedbacks, BioScience, vol.50, issue.12, pp.1049-1061, 2000.
DOI : 10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[1049:IBAABB]2.0.CO;2

P. J. Howard and D. M. Howard, Titratable Acids and Bases in Tree and Shrub Leaf Litters, Forestry, vol.63, issue.2, pp.177-196, 1990.
DOI : 10.1093/forestry/63.2.177

V. Huhta and A. Koskenniemi, Numbers, biomass and community respiration of soil invertebrates in spruce forests at two latitudes in Finland, Annales Zoologici Fennici, vol.12, pp.164-182, 1975.

M. J. Hutchings and D. K. Wijesinghe, Patchy habitats, division of labour and growth dividends in clonal plants, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.12, issue.10, pp.390-394, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)87382-X

G. E. Hutchinson, Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals? The American Naturalist 93, pp.145-159, 1959.

P. G. Jarvis, Interference by Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin, Oikos, vol.15, issue.1, pp.56-78, 1964.
DOI : 10.2307/3564748

M. Kaagman and J. Fanta, Cyclic succession in heathland under enhanced nitrogen deposition: a case study from the Netherlands, Scripta Geobotanica, vol.21, pp.29-38, 1993.

P. G. Kevan, W. G. Chaloner, and D. B. Savile, Interrelationships of early terrestrial arthropods and plants, Palaeontology, vol.18, pp.391-417, 1975.

J. P. Kimmins, Evaluation of the consequences for future tree productivity of the loss of nutrients in whole-tree harvesting, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.1, pp.169-183, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-1127(76)90019-0

J. N. Klironomos and M. M. Hart, Animal nitrogen swap for plant carbon, Nature, vol.410, issue.6829, pp.651-652, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/35070643

W. Koerner, J. L. Dupuey, E. Dambrine, and M. Benoît, Influence of Past Land Use on the Vegetation and Soils of Present Day Forest in the Vosges Mountains, France, The Journal of Ecology, vol.85, issue.3, pp.351-358, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2960507

C. C. Labandeira, T. L. Philips, and R. A. Norton, Oribatid Mites and the Decomposition of Plant Tissues in Paleozoic Coal-Swamp Forests, PALAIOS, vol.12, issue.4, pp.319-353, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/3515334

A. Lafond, Oxidation-reduction potential as a characteristic of forest humus types, pp.337-340, 1950.

R. Landeweert, E. Hoffland, R. D. Finlay, T. W. Kuyper, and N. Van-breemen, Linking plants to rocks: ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.16, issue.5, pp.248-254, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02122-X

R. Laskowski and B. Berg, Dynamics of some mineral nutrients and heavy metals in decomposing forest litter, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.31, issue.1-4, pp.446-456, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00366072

P. Lavelle, ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGES FOR SOIL SCIENCE, Soil Science, vol.165, issue.1, pp.73-86, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-200001000-00009

P. Lavelle, D. Bignell, M. Lepage, V. Wolters, P. Roger et al., Soil function in a changing world: the role of invertebrate ecosystem engineers, European Journal of Soil Biology, vol.33, pp.159-193, 1997.

J. A. Lee, The Calcicole???Calcifuge Problem Revisited, Advances in Botanical Research, vol.29, pp.1-30, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2296(08)60306-7

L. J. Mccook, Understanding ecological community succession: Causal models and theories, a review, Vegetatio, vol.83, issue.2, pp.115-147, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00033394

J. D. Majer, Short-term responses of soil and litter invertebrates to a cool autumn burn in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest in Western Australia, Pedobiologia, vol.26, pp.229-247, 1984.

K. C. Marshall, Clay Mineralogy in Relation to Survival of Soil Bacteria, Annual Review of Phytopathology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.357-373, 1975.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.py.13.090175.002041

D. H. Marx, The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of pine roots to pathogenic infections. I. Antagonism of mycorrhizal fungi to root pathogenic fungi and soil bacteria, Phytopathology, vol.59, pp.153-163, 1969.

B. A. Menge and J. P. Sutherland, Community Regulation: Variation in Disturbance, Competition, and Predation in Relation to Environmental Stress and Recruitment, The American Naturalist, vol.130, issue.5, pp.730-757, 1987.
DOI : 10.1086/284741

S. V. Meyen, Fundamentals of Palaeobotany, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-3151-0

F. H. Meyer, The role of the fungus Cenococcum graniforme (Sow.) Ferd. et Winge in the formation of mor, Soil Micromorphology, pp.23-31, 1964.

J. Miles, The pedogenic effects of different species and vegetation types and the implications of succession, Journal of Soil Science, vol.43, issue.3, pp.571-584, 1985.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1985.tb00359.x

P. E. Müller, Recherches sur les formes naturelles de l'humus et leur influence sur la végétation et le sol, Annales de la Science Agronomique Française et Étrangère, vol.6, pp.85-423, 1889.

B. Muys and N. Lust, Ecological changes following afforestation with different tree species on a sandy loam in Flanders, Belgium, Ecological effects of afforestation. CAB International, pp.179-189, 1993.

H. Nagel-de-boois and E. Jansen, Hyphal activity in mull and mor of an oak forest, Progress in Soil Biology, pp.27-36, 1967.

T. Näsholm, A. Ekblad, A. Nordin, R. Giesler, M. Högberg et al., Boreal forest plants take up organic nitrogen, Nature, vol.392, issue.6679, pp.914-916, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/31921

K. E. Nielsen, K. Dalgaard, and P. Nørnberg, Effects on soils of an oak invasion of a Calluna heath, Denmark, I. Morphology and chemistry, Geoderma, vol.41, issue.1-2, pp.79-95, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7061(87)90029-2

B. Nihlgård, Pedological Influence of Spruce Planted on Former Beech Forest Soils in Scania, South Sweden, Oikos, vol.22, issue.3, pp.302-314, 1971.
DOI : 10.2307/3543854

S. I. Nilsson, H. G. Miller, and J. D. Miller, Forest Growth as a Possible Cause of Soil and Water Acidification: An Examination of the Concepts, Oikos, vol.39, issue.1, pp.40-49, 1982.
DOI : 10.2307/3544529

R. R. Northup, R. A. Dahlgren, and J. G. Mccoll, Polyphenols as regulators of plant-litter-soil interactions in northern California???s pygmy forest: A positive feedback?, Biogeochemistry, vol.42, pp.189-220, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-017-2691-7_10

R. R. Northup, Z. Yu, R. A. Dahlgren, and K. A. Vogt, Polyphenol control of nitrogen release from pine litter, Nature, vol.377, issue.6546, pp.227-228, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/377227a0

E. P. Odum, The Strategy of Ecosystem Development, Science, vol.164, issue.3877, pp.262-270, 1969.
DOI : 10.1126/science.164.3877.262

R. A. Oldeman, Forests: Elements of Silvology, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-75211-7

G. Page, Some effects of conifer crops on soil properties, Commonwealth Forestry Review, vol.47, pp.52-62, 1968.

G. Page, Effects of forest cover on the properties of some Newfoundland forest soils. Canadian Forestry Service, 1974.

D. A. Perry, M. P. Amaranthus, J. G. Borchers, S. L. Borchers, and R. E. Brainerd, Bootstrapping in Ecosystems, BioScience, vol.39, issue.4, pp.230-237, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/1311159

H. Petersen and M. Luxton, A Comparative Analysis of Soil Fauna Populations and Their Role in Decomposition Processes, Oikos, vol.39, issue.3, pp.287-388, 1982.
DOI : 10.2307/3544689

T. G. Piearce, The Calcium Relations of Selected Lumbricidae, The Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.41, issue.1, pp.167-188, 1972.
DOI : 10.2307/3511

J. F. Ponge, Ecological study of a forest humus by observing a small volume I. Penetration of pine litter by mycorrhizal fungi, Forest Pathology, vol.29, issue.1971, pp.290-303, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/1933198

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00506976

J. F. Ponge, Biocenoses of Collembola in atlantic temperate grass-woodland ecosystems, Pedobiologia, vol.37, pp.223-244, 1993.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00506012

J. F. Ponge, Interaction between soil fauna and their environment, Going Underground. Ecological Studies in Forest Soils. Research Signpost, pp.45-76, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00504819

J. F. Ponge, Acidophilic Collembola: living fossils? Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, pp.65-74, 2000.

J. F. Ponge, J. André, O. Zackrisson, N. Bernier, M. C. Nilsson et al., The forest regeneration puzzle, BioScience, vol.48, pp.523-530, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00505386

J. F. Ponge, P. Arpin, F. Sondag, and F. Delecour, Soil fauna and site assessment in beech stands of the Belgian Ardennes, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.27, issue.12, pp.2053-2064, 1997.
DOI : 10.1139/x97-169

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00505482

J. F. Ponge, F. Charnet, and J. M. Allouard, Comment distinguer dysmoder et mor? L'exemple de la forêt domaniale de Perche-Trappe (Orne) Revue Forestière Française, pp.23-37, 2000.

J. F. Ponge and L. Delhaye, The heterogeneity of humus profiles and earthworm communities in a virgin beech forest, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.93, issue.1, pp.24-32, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00307837

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00505505

J. F. Ponge, N. Patzel, L. Delhaye, E. Devigne, C. Levieux et al., Interactions between earthworms, litter and trees in an old-growth beech forest, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.29, issue.4, pp.360-370, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s003740050566

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00504812

S. Ponsard, R. Arditi, and C. Jost, Assessing top-down and bottom-up control in a litter-based soil macroinvertebrate food chain, Oikos, vol.89, issue.3, pp.524-540, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890312.x

P. W. Price, An overview of organismal interactions in ecosystems in evolutionary and ecological time, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.24, issue.1-3, pp.369-377, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-8809(88)90080-1

D. J. Read, Mycorrhizas in ecosystems, Experientia, vol.7, issue.4, pp.376-391, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01972080

D. J. Read and S. Kerley, The status and function of ericoid mycorrhizal systems, Mycorrhiza. Structure, Function, 1995.

G. J. Retallack, Fossil Soils as Grounds for Interpreting the Advent of Large Plants and Animals on Land [and Discussion], Philosophical Transactions from the Royal Society of London, Series B, pp.105-142, 1985.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1985.0074

G. J. Retallack, The fossil record of soils, Paleosols: their Recognition and Interpretation, pp.1-57, 1986.

W. J. Roem and F. Berendse, Soil acidity and nutrient supply ratio as possible factors determining changes in plant species diversity in grassland and heathland communities, Biological Conservation, vol.92, issue.2, pp.151-161, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00049-X

J. Römbke, Population dynamics of Oligochaeta of a beech forest in the Northern Black Forest (FRG) Soil Fauna and Soil Fertility, pp.446-448, 1987.

J. Rusek, Pedozootische Sukzessionen während der Entwicklung von Ökosystemen, Pedobiologia, vol.18, pp.426-433, 1978.

M. Schaefer, The soil fauna of a beech forest on limestone: trophic structure and energy budget, Oecologia, vol.80, issue.1, pp.128-136, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00318544

M. Schaefer, Fauna of the European temperate deciduous forest, Ecosystems of the World. VII. Temperate Deciduous Forests, pp.503-525, 1991.

M. Schaefer and J. Schauermann, The soil fauna of beech forests: comparison between a mull and a moder soil, Pedobiologia, vol.34, pp.299-314, 1990.

S. Scheu, A. Theenhaus, and T. H. Jones, Links between the detritivore and the herbivore system: effects of earthworms and Collembola on plant growth and aphid development, Oecologia, vol.119, issue.4, pp.541-551, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050817

S. Schrader, Influence of earthworms on the pH conditions of their environment by cutaneous mucus secretion, Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol.56, pp.211-219, 1994.

M. W. Schwartz, C. A. Brigham, J. D. Hoeksema, K. G. Lyons, M. H. Mills et al., Linking biodiversity to ecosystem function: implications for conservation ecology, Oecologia, vol.122, issue.3, pp.297-305, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050035

A. J. Sexstone and C. N. Mains, Production of methane and ethylene in organic horizons of spruce forest soils, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.22, issue.2, pp.135-139, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(90)90077-D

R. R. Sokal and F. J. Rohlf, Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research, p.3, 1995.

D. G. Sprugel, Disturbance, equilibrium, and environmental variability: What is ???Natural??? vegetation in a changing environment?, Biological Conservation, vol.58, issue.1, pp.1-18, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90041-7

H. Staaf, Foliage litter turnover and earthworm populations in three beech forests of contrasting soil and vegetation types, Oecologia, vol.9, issue.1, pp.58-64, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00385045

V. Standen, Production and Diversity of Enchytraeids, Earthworms and Plants in Fertilized Hay Meadow Plots, The Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.293-312, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/2403055

F. J. Stevenson, Humus Chemistry, Genesis, Composition, Reactions, issue.2, 1994.

S. Takao, Organic acid production by basidiomycetes. I. Screening of acid-producing strains, Applied Microbiology, vol.13, pp.732-737, 1965.

A. Teuben and H. A. Verhoef, Direct contribution by soil arthropods to nutrient availability through body and faecal nutrient content, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.65, issue.2, pp.71-75, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00336253

D. Tilman, Biodiversity: Population Versus Ecosystem Stability, Ecology, vol.77, issue.2, pp.350-363, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2265614

D. Tilman and J. A. Downing, Biodiversity and stability in grasslands, Nature, vol.367, issue.6461, pp.363-365, 1994.
DOI : 10.1038/367363a0

D. Tilman, J. Knops, D. Wedin, P. Reich, M. Ritchie et al., The Influence of Functional Diversity and Composition on Ecosystem Processes, Science, vol.277, issue.5330, pp.1300-1302, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.277.5330.1300

S. Topoliantz, J. F. Ponge, and P. Viaux, Earthworm and enchytraeid activity under different arable farming systems, as exemplified by biogenic structures, Plant and Soil, vol.225, issue.1/2, pp.39-51, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1026537632468

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00503177

B. Ulrich, Stability, Elasticity, and Resilience of Terrestrial Ecosystems with Respect to Matter Balance, Ecological studies, vol.61, pp.11-49, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-71630-0_2

M. M. Van-vuuren, R. Aerts, F. Berendse, D. Visser, and W. , Nitrogen mineralization in heathland ecosystems dominated by different plant species, Biogeochemistry, vol.16, issue.3, pp.151-166, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00002816

B. Vedder, C. Kampichler, G. Bachmann, A. Bruckner, and E. Kandeler, Impact of faunal complexity on microbial biomass and N turnover in field mesocosms from a spruce forest soil, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.11, issue.1-2, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00384428

B. Verdier, Étude de l'atmosphère du sol. Éléments de comparaison et signification écologique de l'atmosphère d'un sol brun calcaire et d'un sol lessivé podzolique, pp.591-626, 1975.

P. Vitousek, Nutrient Cycling and Nutrient Use Efficiency, The American Naturalist, vol.119, issue.4, pp.553-572, 1982.
DOI : 10.1086/283931

P. M. Vitousek and W. A. Reiners, Ecosystem Succession and Nutrient Retention: A Hypothesis, BioScience, vol.25, issue.6, pp.376-381, 1975.
DOI : 10.2307/1297148

D. H. Wall and J. C. Moore, Interactions Underground, BioScience, vol.49, issue.2, pp.109-117, 1999.
DOI : 10.2307/1313536

D. A. Wardle, M. C. Nilsson, C. Gallet, and O. Zackrisson, An ecosystem-level perspective of allelopathy, Biological Reviews, vol.77, issue.3, pp.305-319, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00033.x

D. A. Wardle, O. Zackrisson, G. Hörnberg, and C. Gallet, The Influence of Island Area on Ecosystem Properties, Science, vol.277, issue.5330, pp.1296-1299, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.277.5330.1296

G. Wauthy, Synecology of forest soil oribatid mites of Belgium (Acari, Oribatida) Acta Oecologica, Oecologia Generalis, vol.3, pp.469-494, 1982.

D. P. Webb, Regulation of deciduous forest litter decomposition by soil arthropod feces The Role of Arthropods in Forest Ecosystems, pp.57-69, 1977.

C. S. White, Monoterpenes: Their effects on ecosystem nutrient cycling, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.93, issue.6, pp.1381-1406, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02059813

V. Wolters, Effects of Mesenchytraeus glandulosus (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) on decomposition processes, Pedobiologia, vol.32, pp.387-398, 1988.

V. Wolters, Functional aspects of animal diversity in soil. Introduction and overview, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.10, pp.185-190, 1998.

V. Wolters, Allium ursinum litter triggering decomposition on a beech forest floor. The effect of earthworms, Pedobiologia, vol.43, pp.528-536, 1999.

O. Zackrisson, M. C. Nilsson, and D. A. Wardle, Key Ecological Function of Charcoal from Wildfire in the Boreal Forest, Oikos, vol.77, issue.1, pp.10-19, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/3545580