Modelling mineral aerosol production by wind erosion: Emission intensities and aerosol size distributions in source areas, J. Geophys. Res, vol.106, issue.18, pp.75-18084, 2001. ,
Description and first results of an explicit electrical scheme in a 3D cloud resolving model, Atmospheric Research, vol.76, issue.1-4, pp.1-4, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.021
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00382076
A mass-flux convection scheme for regional and global models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.43, issue.573, pp.869-886, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712757309
Parameterization of Orography-Induced Turbulence in a Mesobeta--Scale Model, Monthly Weather Review, vol.117, issue.8, pp.1872-1890, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1872:POOITI>2.0.CO;2
Dust emissions over the Sahel associated with the West African monsoon intertropical discontinuity region: A representative case-study, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.20, issue.632, pp.621-634, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1002/qj.244
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00282734
Dry cyclogenesis and dust mobilization in the Inter Tropical Discontinuity of the West African Monsoon: A case study, J. Geophys. Res, vol.114, pp.511510-1029, 2009. ,
Airborne lidar LEANDRE II for water-vapor profiling in the troposphere I System description, Applied Optics, vol.40, issue.21, pp.3450-3475, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1364/AO.40.003450
Weather and Climate in Africa, 1996. ,
Diurnal cycle of dust and cirrus over West Africa as seen from Meteosat Second Generation satellite and a regional forecast model, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.108, issue.D14, pp.282210-1029, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2006GL027771
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00168729
A comprehensive two-moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. II: 2D experiments with a non-hydrostatic model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.38, issue.566, pp.1843-1859, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712656614
Dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical redistribution of dust and the thermodynamic structure of the West Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during summer, Atmospheric Science Letters, vol.34, issue.104, pp.34-42, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1002/asl.207
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00376630
Increase of the aerosol hygroscopicity by aqueous mixing in a mesoscale convective system: a case study from the AMMA campaign, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, vol.8, issue.3, pp.6907-6924, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.5194/acpd-8-10057-2008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328329
Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African dust, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.D4, pp.10-1029, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2006JD007195
North African dust emissions and transport, North African dust emissions and transport, pp.73-100, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.06.004
Airborne observations of the impact of a convective system on the planetary boundary layer thermodynamics and aerosol distribution in the inter-tropical discontinuity region of the West African Monsoon, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.32, issue.626, pp.1175-1189, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1002/qj.97
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00180247
Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. D13106 Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007. ,
Dusty weather forecasts using the Meso-NH mesoscale atmospheric model, J. Geophys. Res, pp.10-1029, 2006. ,
Meteorology of Nigeria and adjacent territory, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.71, issue.309-310, pp.231-262, 1945. ,
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49707130905
Radiative properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during SHADE: 1. Solar spectrum, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.106, issue.D18, p.10, 1029. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002687
Satellite Climatology of Saharan Dust Outbreaks: Method and Preliminary Results, Journal of Climate, vol.5, issue.6, pp.646-656, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<0646:SCOSDO>2.0.CO;2
The Bod??l?? depression: a single spot in the Sahara that provides most of the mineral dust to the Amazon forest, Environmental Research Letters, vol.1, issue.1, pp.10-1088, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1088/1748-9326/1/1/014005
Dust emissions in the West African heat trough ? the role of the diurnal cycle and of extratropical disturbances, Meteorol. Z, vol.17, issue.5, pp.1-011, 2008. ,
Synoptic and dynamic aspects of an extreme springtime Saharan dust outbreak, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.128, issue.617, pp.1153-1177, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1256/qj.05.109
Dust mobilization due to density currents in the Atlas region: Observations from the SAMUM 2006 Field Campaign, J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, pp.2110910-1029, 2007. ,
The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations, Annales Geophysicae, vol.16, issue.1, pp.90-109, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s00585-997-0090-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329074
Uplift of Saharan dust south of the intertropical discontinuity, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.44, issue.7, pp.2110210-1029, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2008JD009844
A Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in Meteorological and Climate Models, Journal of Climate, vol.16, issue.9, pp.1261-1282, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442-16.9.1261
The ISBA land surface parameterization scheme, Global Planet, Change, vol.13, pp.145-159, 1996. ,
The diurnal cycle of the West African monsoon circulation, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.129, issue.611, pp.2839-2860, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1256/qj.04.52
Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the NIMBUS 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.103, issue.2, p.100210, 1029. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2000RG000095
Climate Change 2000: The Science of Climate Change, IPCC, World Meteorological Organization, 2001. ,
African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis: An International Research Project and Field Campaign, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.87, issue.12, pp.1739-1746, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1175/BAMS-87-12-1739
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00385875
m Heterodyne Doppler Lidar WIND, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.18, issue.8, pp.1331-1344, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<1331:EVOWPP>2.0.CO;2
A new Saharan dust source activation frequency map derived from MSG-SEVIRI IR-channels, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.108, issue.D17, pp.10-1029, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2007GL030168
Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG-SEVIRI observations of sub-daily dust source activation, J. Geophys. Res, vol.114, p.1020110, 1029. ,
Overview of observations from the RADAGAST experiment in Niamey, Niger: Meteorology and thermodynamic variables, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.111, issue.D18, pp.10-1029, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2008JD009909
Causes, consequences and control of wind erosion in Sahelian Africa: A review, Land Degrad, & Dev, vol.14, pp.95-108, 2002. ,
Physico-chemical modelling of the first aerosol characterization experiment (ace 1) lagrangian b: 1. A moving column approach, J. Geophys. Res, vol.103, issue.16, pp.433-16455, 1998. ,
Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model results, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.27, issue.22, pp.895-23915, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1029/97JD01864
The nocturnal jet, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.102, issue.438, pp.633-653, 1977. ,
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49710343809
Mineral dust emission from the Bodélé Depression, northern Chad, during BoDEx, J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, p.620710, 1029. ,
Regional Model Simulations of the Bod??l?? Low-Level Jet of Northern Chad during the Bod??l?? Dust Experiment (BoDEx 2005), Journal of Climate, vol.21, issue.5, pp.995-1012, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1175/2007JCLI1766.1
Quantifying uncertainty in estimates of mineral dust flux: An intercomparison of model performance over the Bod??l?? Depression, northern Chad, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.57, issue.23, pp.10-1029, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2008JD010476
ORILAM, a three moment lognormal aerosol scheme for mesoscale atmospheric model. On-line coupling into the Meso-NH-C model and validation on the Escompte campaign, J. Geophys. Res, vol.110, p.1820110, 1029. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2004jd005716
The 7-13 dust storm over West Africa: Generation, transport and vertical stratification, J. Geophys. Res, vol.113, pp.0-08, 1029. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00311114
Atmospheric controls on mineral dust emission from the Bodélé Depression, Chad: Intraseasonal to interannual variability and the role of the low level jet, Geophys. Res. Lett, pp.10-1029, 2005. ,
Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.34, issue.1, pp.10-1029, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002775
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.419.371
Laboratoire d'Aerologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees, CNRS, 14 avenue Belin ,
uk) P. Tulet, Centre National de Recherche Meteorologique/Groupe d'etude de l'Atmosphere MEteorologique, p.13106 ,