A. Adriani, P. Massoli, G. Di-donfrancesco, F. Cairo, M. L. Moriconi et al., Climatology of polar stratospheric clouds based on lidar observations from 1993 to 2001 over McMurdo Station, Antarctica, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, issue.D22, pp.2421110-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JD004800

J. E. Barnes, T. Kaplan, H. Vomel, and W. G. Read, NASA/Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder water vapor validation at Mauna Loa Observatory by Raman lidar, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.27, issue.2A, pp.15-0310, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD008842

A. Ansmann, M. Riebesell, and C. Weitkamp, Measurement of atmospheric aerosol extinction profiles with a Raman lidar, Optics Letters, vol.15, issue.13, pp.746-748, 1990.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.15.000746

A. Ansmann, M. Riebesell, U. Wandinger, C. Weitkamp, E. Voss et al., Combined raman elastic-backscatter LIDAR for vertical profiling of moisture, aerosol extinction, backscatter, and LIDAR ratio, Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, vol.30, issue.1, pp.18-28, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00348608

A. Ansmann, U. Wandinger, M. Riebesell, C. Weitkamp, and W. Michaelis, Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar, Applied Optics, vol.31, issue.33, pp.7113-7131, 1992.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.31.007113

J. Biele, A. Tsias, B. P. Luo, K. S. Carslaw, R. Neuber et al., Nonequilibrium coexistence of solid and liquid particles in Arctic stratospheric clouds, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.24, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.991-2300710, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD900188

U. Blum, K. H. Fricke, K. P. Müller, J. Siebert, and G. Baumgarten, Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, vol.19, issue.20, pp.412-422, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002772

U. Blum, F. Khosrawi, G. Baumgarten, K. Stebel, R. Müller et al., Simultaneous lidar observations of a polar stratospheric cloud on the east and west sides of the Scandinavian mountains and microphysical box model simulations, Annales Geophysicae, vol.24, issue.12, pp.24-3267, 2006.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-24-3267-2006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00318231

C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, 1983.
DOI : 10.1002/9783527618156

S. D. Brooks, O. B. Toon, M. A. Tolbert, D. Baumgardner, B. W. Gandrud et al., Polar stratospheric clouds during SOLVE/THESEO: Comparison of lidar observations with in situ measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.259, issue.5, p.221210, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JD003463

E. V. Browell, C. F. Butler, S. Ismail, P. A. Robinette, A. F. Carter et al., Airborne lidar observations in the wintertime Arctic stratosphere: Polar stratospheric clouds, Airborne lidar observations in the wintertime Arctic stratosphere: Polar stratospheric clouds, pp.385-38810, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/GL017i004p00385

K. S. Carslaw, B. P. Luo, S. L. Clegg, T. Peter, P. Brimblecombe et al., and water uptake by liquid particles, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.97, issue.No.43, pp.2479-248210, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/94GL02799

K. S. Carslaw, T. Peter, and R. Muller, Uncertainties in reactive uptake coefficients for solid stratospheric particles-2. Effect on ozone depletion, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.98, issue.14, pp.1747-175010, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97GL01684

K. S. Carslaw, Increased stratospheric ozone depletion due to mountain-induced atmospheric waves, Nature, vol.391, issue.6668, pp.675-67810, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/35589

K. S. Carslaw, J. A. Kettleborough, M. J. Northway, S. Davies, R. Gao et al., A vortex-scale simulation of the growth and sedimentation of large nitric acid hydrate particles, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.17, issue.15, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD000467

F. Daerden, N. Larsen, S. Chabrillat, Q. Errera, S. Bonjean et al., A 3D-CTM with detailed online PSC-microphysics: analysis of the Antarctic winter 2003 by comparison with satellite observations, A 3D-CTM with detailed online PSCmicrophysics: Analysis of the Antarctic winter 2003 by comparison with satellite observations, pp.1755-1772, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-7-1755-2007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00296188

D. Daneva and T. Shibata, The Mixing State of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particles in "Sandwich Structure" Observed by Lidar 2. Numerical Simulations of the Optical Properties of the Liquid and Solid Particles with External Mixture of STS and NAT Particles, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, vol.81, issue.4, pp.759-777, 2003.
DOI : 10.2151/jmsj.81.759

C. David, S. Bekki, S. Godin, and G. Mégie, Polar stratospheric clouds climatology over Dumont d'Urville between 1989 and 1993 and the influence of volcanic aerosols on their formation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.259, issue.23, pp.163-2210, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/98JD01692

C. David, S. Bekki, N. Berdunov, M. Marchand, and G. Mégie, Classification and scales of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds using wavelet decomposition, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, vol.67, issue.3, pp.293-300, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.07.043

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00074920

T. Deshler, B. Nardi, A. Adriani, F. Cairo, G. Hansen et al., Determining the index of refraction of polar stratospheric clouds above Andoya (69??N) by combining size-resolved concentration and optical scattering measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.23, issue.D3, pp.3943-395310, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900469

T. Deshler, M. E. Hervig, D. J. Hofmann, J. M. Rosen, and J. B. Liley, Thirty years of in situ stratospheric aerosol size distribution measurements from Laramie, Wyoming (41??N), using balloon-borne instruments, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.266, issue.19, p.416710, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002514

T. Deshler, R. Anderson-sprecher, H. Jager, J. Barnes, D. J. Hofmann et al., Trends in the nonvolcanic component of stratospheric aerosol over the period, J. Geophys. Res, vol.111, p.120110, 1029.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068867

S. D. Eckermann, A. Dornbrack, S. B. Vosper, H. Flentje, M. J. Mahoney et al., Mountain Wave???Induced Polar Stratospheric Cloud Forecasts for Aircraft Science Flights during SOLVE/THESEO 2000, Weather and Forecasting, vol.21, issue.1, pp.42-68, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/WAF901.1

A. Engel, C. Schiller, U. Schmidt, R. Borchers, H. Ovarlez et al., The total hydrogen budget in the Arctic winter stratosphere during the European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.94, issue.D9, pp.495-1410, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD03766

M. D. Fromm, J. Alfred, and M. Pitts, A unified, long-term, highlatitude stratospheric aerosol and cloud database using SAM II, SAGE II, and POAM II/III data: Algorithm description, database definition, and climatology, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.D12, p.436610, 1029.

S. Fueglistaler, S. Buss, B. P. Luo, H. Wernli, C. A. Hostetler et al., Detailed modeling of mountain wave PSCs, Detailed modeling of mountain wave PSC, pp.253-299, 2003.
DOI : 10.5194/acpd-3-253-2003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00300869

J. Goodman, O. B. Toon, R. F. Pueschel, K. G. Snetsinger, and S. Verma, Antarctic stratospheric ice clouds, J. Geophys. Res, vol.94458, issue.16, pp.449-1610, 1989.

G. Hansen and U. P. Hoppe, Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds and stratospheric temperature in winter 1995/96 over northern Norway, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.47, issue.2, pp.131-13410, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96GL03796

D. Hanson and K. Mauersberger, Laboratory studies of the nitric acid trihydrate: Implications for the south polar stratosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.84, issue.8, pp.855-858, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/GL015i008p00855

A. Hauchecorne, S. Godin, M. Marchand, B. Heese, and C. Souprayen, Quantification of the transport of chemical constituents from the polar vortex to midlatitudes in the lower stratosphere using the highresolution advection model MIMOSA and effective diffusivity, J. Geophys . Res, vol.107, issue.8289, p.10, 1029.

B. Heese, S. Godin, and A. Hauchecorne, Forecast and simulation of stratospheric ozone filaments: A validation of a high-resolution PV advection model by airborne ozone lidar measurements in winter, J. Geophys. Res, vol.106, issue.20, pp.11-2002410, 1029.

J. Hendricks, F. Baier, G. Günther, B. C. Krüger, and A. Ebel, Stratospheric ozone depletion during the 1995???1996 Arctic winter: 3-D simulations on the potential role of different PSC types, Annales Geophysicae, vol.19, issue.9, pp.1163-1181, 2001.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-19-1163-2001

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00316907

H. Irie, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, G. E. Bodecker, M. Y. Danilin et al., Redistribution of nitric acid in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the winter of 1996-1997, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.259, issue.D19, pp.139-2310, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD900240

J. Jumelet, S. Bekki, C. David, and P. Keckhut, Statistical estimation of stratospheric particle size distribution by combining optical modeling and lidar scattering measurementsAvailable at http://www.atmos-chem-phys, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.85435, issue.8, pp.5435-5448, 2008.

J. Jumelet, S. Bekki, C. David, P. Keckhut, and G. Baumgarten, Size distribution time series of a polar stratospheric cloud event observed above Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) (69°N) and analyzed from multiwavelength lidar measurements during the winter, J. Geophys. Res, vol.114, p.220210, 1029.

J. Jumelet, C. David, S. Bekki, and P. Keckhut, Uniwavelength lidar sensitivity to spherical aerosol microphysical properties for the interpretation of Lagrangian stratospheric observations, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, vol.71, issue.1, pp.121-131, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.09.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00352305

P. Keckhut, C. David, M. Marchand, S. Bekki, J. Jumelet et al., Observation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds down to the Mediterranean coast, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.7, issue.19, pp.5275-5281, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-7-5275-2007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328541

B. M. Knudsen, Accuracy of Arctic stratospheric temperature analyses and the implications for the prediction of polar stratospheric clouds, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, issue.25, pp.3747-375010, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96GL03541

B. M. Knudsen, J. P. Pommereau, A. Garnier, M. Nunes-pinharanda, L. Denis et al., Accuracy of analyzed stratospheric temperatures in the winter Arctic vortex from infrared Montgolfier long-duration balloon flights 2. Results, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.122, issue.D20, p.431610, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD001329

U. K. Krieger, J. C. Mössinger, B. P. Luo, U. Weers, and T. Peters, Measurement of the refractive indices of H_2SO_4???HNO_3???H_2O solutions to stratospheric temperatures, Measurements of the refractive indices of H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 /H 2 0 solutions to stratospheric temperatures, pp.3691-3703, 2000.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.39.003691

N. Larsen, Polar stratospheric clouds microphysical and optical models, Sci. Rep, Dan. Meteorol. Inst, pp.0-06, 2000.

N. Larsen, Microphysical mesoscale simulations of polar stratospheric cloud formation constrained by in situ measurements of chemical and optical cloud properties, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.23, issue.D20, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD000999

N. Larsen, Formation of solid particles in synoptic-scale Arctic PSCs, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.4, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00327870

D. J. Lary, M. P. Chipperfield, J. A. Pyle, W. A. Norton, and L. P. Riishojgaad, Three dimensional tracer initialization and general diagnostics using equivalent PV latitude?Potential temperature coordinates, Q, J. R. Meteorol. Soc, vol.121, pp.187-210, 1995.

F. Lefevre, L. P. Riishojgaard, D. Cariolle, and P. Simon, Modeling the February 1990 polar stratospheric cloud event and its potential impact on the northern hemisphere ozone content, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.17, issue.90, pp.509-2210, 1991.
DOI : 10.1029/91JD02400

B. P. Luo, K. S. Carslaw, T. Peter, and S. L. Clegg, Vapour pressures of H 2 SO 4 O solutions to low stratospheric temperatures, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.3, issue.223, pp.247-25010, 1029.

B. Luo, U. K. Krieger, and T. Peter, O solutions to stratospheric temperatures, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.99, issue.25, pp.3707-371010, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96GL03581

M. Marchand, S. Bekki, F. Lefevere, and A. Hauchecorne, Temperature retrieval from stratospheric O 3 and NO 3 GOMOS data, Geophys. Res. Lett, pp.10-1029, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201146

J. Marti and K. Mauersberger, Laboratory simulations of PSC particle formation, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.84, issue.17, pp.359-36210, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/93GL00083

I. Mattis, A. Ansmann, D. Althausen, V. Jaenisch, U. Wandinger et al., Relative-humidity profiling in the troposphere with a Raman lidar, Applied Optics, vol.41, issue.30, pp.6451-6462, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.41.006451

I. Mattis, D. Müller, A. Ansmann, U. Wandinger, J. Preißler et al., Ten years of multiwavelength Raman lidar observations of free-tropospheric aerosol layers over central Europe: Geometrical properties and annual cycle, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.34, issue.D21, p.2020210, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD009636

H. Mehrtens, U. Von-zahn, F. Fierli, B. Nardi, and T. Deshler, Type I PSC-particle properties: Measurements at ALOMAR 1995 to 1997, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.259, issue.23, pp.603-60610, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL900027

P. W. Mote, K. H. Rosenlof, M. E. Mcintyre, E. S. Carr, J. C. Gille et al., An atmospheric tape recorder: The imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.51, issue.b, pp.3989-400610, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD03422

V. Noel, A. Hertzog, H. Chepfer, and D. M. Winker, Polar stratospheric clouds over Antarctica from the CALIPSO spaceborne lidar, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, issue.D19, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD008616

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00260716

R. G. Pinnick, J. M. Rosen, and D. J. Hofmann, Stratospheric Aerosol Measurements III: Optical Model Calculations, SAMIOM>2.0. CO, pp.304-314, 1976.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1976)033<0304:SAMIOM>2.0.CO;2

M. C. Pitts, L. W. Thomason, L. R. Poole, and D. M. Winker, Characterization of Polar Stratospheric Clouds with spaceborne lidar: CALIPSO and the 2006 Antarctic season, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.7, issue.19, pp.5207-5228, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-7-5207-2007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00296352

A. V. Polyakov, Y. M. Timofeev, and Y. A. Virolainen, Polar stratospheric clouds from satellite observational data, Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, vol.44, issue.4, pp.448-45810, 2008.
DOI : 10.1134/S0001433808040051

L. R. Poole and M. P. Mccormick, Airborne lidar observations of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds: Indications of two distinct growth stages, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.49, issue.1, pp.21-2310, 1988.
DOI : 10.1029/GL015i001p00021

L. R. Poole and M. C. Pitts, Polar stratospheric cloud climatology based on stratospheric aerosol measurement: 2. Observations from, J. Geophys. Res, vol.99, issue.13, pp.83-1308910, 1978.
DOI : 10.1029/94jd00411

K. A. Powell, CALIPSO Lidar Calibration Algorithms. Part I: Nighttime 532-nm Parallel Channel and 532-nm Perpendicular Channel, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.26, issue.10, 2009.
DOI : 10.1175/2009JTECHA1242.1

M. H. Proffitt, J. J. Margittan, K. K. Kelly, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske et al., Ozone loss in the Arctic polar vortex inferred from high-altitude aircraft measurements, Nature, vol.347, issue.6288, pp.31-36, 1990.
DOI : 10.1038/347031a0

S. Pullen and R. L. Jones, Accuracy of temperatures from UKMO analyses of 1994/95 in the Arctic winter stratosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.21, issue.23, pp.845-84810, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97GL00754

M. L. Santee, A. Tabazadeh, G. L. Manney, M. D. Fromm, R. M. Bevilacqua et al., A Lagrangian approach to studying Arctic polar stratospheric clouds using UARS MLS HNO 3 and POAM II aerosol extinction measurements, J. Geophys. Res, vol.107, issue.D10, p.409810, 1029.

M. R. Schoeberl, L. R. Lait, P. A. Newman, and J. E. Rosenfield, The structure of the polar vortex, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.47, issue.D8, pp.97-7859, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/91JD02168

S. Solomon, Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.23, issue.22, pp.275-31610, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999RG900008

A. Tabazadeh, R. P. Turco, K. Drdla, and M. Z. Jacobson, A study of type I polar stratospheric cloud formation, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.97, issue.15, pp.1619-162210, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94GL01368

O. B. Toon, R. P. Turco, D. Westphal, R. Malone, and M. S. Liu, A Multidimensional Model for Aerosols: Description of Computational Analogs, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.45, issue.15, pp.2123-214310, 1988.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<2123:AMMFAD>2.0.CO;2

O. B. Toon, E. V. Browell, S. Kinne, and J. Jordan, An analysis of lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.94, issue.4, pp.393-39610, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/GL017i004p00393

R. P. Turco, P. Hamill, O. B. Toon, R. C. Whitten, and C. S. Kiang, The NASA-Ames Research Center Stratospheric Aerosol Model, I. Physical processes and computational analogs, pp.1362-94, 1979.

M. Vaughan, S. Young, D. M. Winker, K. Powell, A. Omar et al., Fully automated analysis of space-based lidar data: an overview of the CALIPSO retrieval algorithms and data products, Laser Radar Techniques for Atmospheric Sensing, pp.16-30, 2004.
DOI : 10.1117/12.572024

C. Voigt, Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds, Science, vol.290, issue.5497, pp.1756-1758, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5497.1756

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295666

C. Voigt, Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) formation at low NAT supersaturation in Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.5, issue.5, pp.1371-1380, 2005.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-5-1371-2005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295666

H. Vomel, Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder water vapor by balloon-borne Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.44, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD008698

C. Weisser, K. Mauersberger, J. Schreiner, N. Larsen, F. Cairo et al., Composition analysis of liquid particles in the Arctic stratosphere under synoptic conditions, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.6, issue.3, pp.689-696, 2006.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-6-689-2006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328421

G. Wetzel, NO y partitioning and budget and its correlation with N 2 O in the Arctic vortex and in summer midlatitudes in 1997, J. Geophys. Res, vol.107, issue.4280, pp.10-1029, 2002.

D. M. Winker, R. H. Couch, and M. P. Mccormick, An overview of LITE: NASA's Lidar In-space Technology Experiment, Proc. IEEE, pp.164-18010, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/5.482227

D. M. Winker, C. A. Hostetler, and W. H. Hunt, Cloud-aerosol Lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP, IGARSS 2003: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp.1514-1516, 2003.

D. M. Winker, M. Vaughan, and B. Hunt, The CALIPSO mission and initial results from CALIOP, Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring VII, pp.40902-40902, 2006.
DOI : 10.1117/12.698003

D. M. Winker, W. H. Hunt, and M. J. Gill, Initial performance assessment of CALIOP, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.5575, issue.19, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2007GL030135

M. Wirth, A. Tsias, A. Dornbrack, V. Weiss, K. S. Carslaw et al., Model-guided Lagrangian observation and simulation of mountain polar stratospheric clouds, Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties (ASAP), pp.971-994, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/1998JD100095

P. Seifert, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, pp.0-03