F. Ackermann and V. Belton, Problem structuring without workshops? experiments with distributed interaction in a psm, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol.58, pp.547-556, 2006.

. Adam, Citation analysis: The counting house, Nature, vol.22, issue.6873, pp.415726-729, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/415726a

C. A. Bana-e-costa, L. Ensslin, ´. E. Corrêa, and J. Vansnick, Decision Support Systems in action: Integrated application in a multicriteria decision aid process, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.113, issue.2, pp.315-335, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00219-7

R. D. Banker, A. Charnes, and W. W. Cooper, Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis, Management Science, vol.30, issue.9, pp.1078-1092, 1984.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.30.9.1078

M. H. Bazerman, Judgment in managerial decision making, 1990.

V. Belton and T. J. Stewart, Multiple criteria decision analysis: An integrated approach, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-1495-4

V. Belton, F. Ackermann, and I. Shepherd, Integrated Support from Problem Structuring through to Alternative Evaluation Using COPE and V??I??S??A, Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, vol.6, issue.3, pp.115-130, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1360(199705)6:3<115::AID-MCDA140>3.0.CO;2-I

S. Berghoff and G. Federkeil, The CHE approach, Ranking universities, pp.41-63, 2009.

M. Berry, Une technologie invisible ? Le rôle des instruments de gestion dans l'´ evolution des systèmes humains. Mémoire, Centre de Recherche en Gestion. ´ Ecole Polytechnique, 1983.

R. Boudon, Effets pervers et ordre social, 1979.

M. Bougnol and J. H. Dulá, Validating DEA as a ranking tool: An application of DEA to assess performance in higher education, Annals of Operations Research, vol.48, issue.12, pp.339-365, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10479-006-0039-2

J. Bourdin, Le défi des classements dans l'enseignement supérieur, 2008.

D. Bouyssou, Modelling Inaccurate Determination, Uncertainty, Imprecision Using Multiple Criteria, Improving Decision Making in Organisations, LNEMS 335, pp.78-87, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-49298-3_8
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.8739

D. Bouyssou, Building Criteria: A Prerequisite for MCDA, Readings in multiple criteria decision aid, pp.58-80, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-75935-2_4

D. Bouyssou, . Th, M. Marchant, P. Pirlot, and A. Perny, Tsoukì as, and Ph. Vincke. Evaluation and decision models: A critical perspective, 2000.

D. Bouyssou, . Th, M. Marchant, and A. Pirlot, Tsoukì as, and Ph. Vincke. Evaluation and decision models: Stepping stones for the analyst, 2006.

R. L. Brooks, Measuring university quality. The Review of Higher Education, pp.1-21, 2005.

G. Buela-casal, O. Gutiérez-martínez, M. P. Bermúdez-sánchez, and O. Vadillo-muñoz, Comparative study of internationa academic rankings of universities, Scientometrics, issue.3, pp.71349-365, 2007.

A. Charnes, W. W. Cooper, and E. Rhodes, Measuring the efficiency of decision making units, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.2, issue.6, pp.429-444339, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8

P. Checkland, Systems thinking, systems practice, 1981.

P. Checkland and J. Scholes, Soft systems methodology in action, 1990.

W. Cherchye, N. Moesen, T. Rogge, M. Van-puyenbroeck, A. Saisana et al., Creating composite indicators with DEA and robustness analysis: the case of the Technology Achievement Index, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol.47, issue.2, pp.239-251, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-2217(90)90113-P

W. A. Cook and J. Zhu, Data Envelopment Analysis: Modeling Operational Processes and Measuring Productivity, CreateSpace, vol.208, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4899-8068-7

W. W. Cooper, L. M. Seiford, and K. Tone, Data Envelopment Analysis. A comprehensive text with models, applications, references and DEA-solver software, 1999.

N. Dalsheimer and D. Despréaux, Analyses des classements internationaux desétablissements desétablissements d'enseignement supérieur. ´ Education & formations, pp.151-173, 2008.

M. Dawes, Rational choice in an uncertain world, Hartcourt Brace, 1988.

D. Desbois, Classement de Shanghai : peut-on mesurer l'excellence académique au niveau mondial ? La revue trimestrielle du réseaú Ecrin, pp.20-26, 2007.

D. Dill and M. Soo, Academic quality, league tables, and public policy: A cross-national analysis of university ranking systems, Higher Education, vol.27, issue.3, pp.495-533, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10734-004-1746-8

. Dörner, The logic of failure. Perseus Books, 1996.

R. L. Ebel and D. A. Frisbie, Essentials of educational measurement, 1991.

C. Eden, Cognitive mapping, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.36, issue.1, pp.1-13, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-2217(88)90002-1

C. Eden, S. Jones, and D. Sims, Messing About in Problems, R&D Management, vol.15, issue.3, 1983.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00550.x

R. G. Ehrenberg, Method or madness? Inside the USNWR college rankings Working paper , ILR collection, 2003.

H. J. Einhorn and R. Hogarth, Unit weighting schemes for decision making, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol.13, issue.2, pp.171-192, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/0030-5073(75)90044-6

M. Enserink, Who ranks the university rankers? Science, pp.3171026-1028, 2007.

A. Fert, Comment le classement de Shangha¨?Shangha¨? désavantage nos universités. Le Monde, p.27, 2007.

J. K. Friend and A. Hickling, Planning under pressure: The strategic choice approach, 1987.

D. G. Fryback and R. L. Keeney, Constructing a Complex Judgmental Model: An Index of Trauma Severity, Management Science, vol.29, issue.8, pp.869-883, 1983.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.29.8.869

E. E. Ghiselli, Measurement theory for the behavioral sciences, 1981.

Y. Gingras, Du mauvais usage de faux indicateurs Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, pp.55-59, 2008.
DOI : 10.3917/rhmc.555.0067

P. E. Green, D. S. Tull, and G. Albaum, Research for marketing decisions, 1988.

A. Hatchuel and H. Molet, Rational modelling in understanding and aiding human decision-making: About two case studies, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.24, issue.1, pp.178-186, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-2217(86)90024-X

C. /. Hefce, Counting what is measured or measuring what counts? league tables and their impact on higher education institutions in England Report to HEFCE by the Centre for Higher Education Research and Information (CHERI), 2008.

R. Hogarth, Judgement and choice: The psychology of decision International Ranking Expert Group. Berlin principles on ranking of higher education institutions, 1987.

J. P. Ioannidis, N. A. Patsopoulos, F. K. Kavvoura, A. Tatsioni, E. Evangelou et al., International ranking systems for universities and institutions: a critical appraisal, BMC Medicine, vol.365, issue.1, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70252-X

J. Johnes, Measuring Efficiency: A Comparison of Multilevel Modelling and Data Envelopment Analysis in the Context of Higher Education, Bulletin of Economic Research, vol.27, issue.2, pp.75-104, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/09645290210126913

J. Oecd, J. /. Oecd, and O. Publishing, Handbook on constructing composite indicators. methodology and user guide, 2005.

D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, and A. Tversky, Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases, 1981.

T. Kävelmark, University ranking systems: A critique, 2007.

R. L. Keeney, Measurement Scales for Quantifying Attributes, Behavioral Science, vol.59, issue.1, pp.29-36, 1981.
DOI : 10.1002/bs.3830260103

R. L. Keeney, Structuring Objectives for Problems of Public Interest, Operations Research, vol.36, issue.3, pp.396-405, 1988.
DOI : 10.1287/opre.36.3.396

R. L. Keeney, Building models of values, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.37, issue.2, pp.149-157, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-2217(88)90324-4

R. L. Keeney, Value-focused thinking. A path to creative decision making, 1992.
DOI : 10.5711/morj.13.2.7

R. L. Keeney and T. L. Mcdaniel, Identifying and Structuring Values to Guide Integrated Resource Planning at BC Gas, Operations Research, vol.47, issue.5, pp.651-662, 1999.
DOI : 10.1287/opre.47.5.651

R. L. Keeney and H. Raiffa, Decisions with multiple objectives: Preferences and value tradeoffs, 1976.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139174084

R. L. Keeney, J. S. Hammond, and H. Raiffa, Smart choices: A guide to making better decisions, 1999.

F. N. Kerlinger and H. B. Lee, Foundations of behavioral research, 1999.

O. Kivinen and J. Hedman, World-wide university rankings: A Scandinavian approach, Scientometrics, vol.64, issue.1, pp.391-408, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11192-007-1820-y

. Kline, Handbook of psychological testing. Routledge, 2000.

T. N. Van-leeuwen, H. F. Moed, R. J. Tijssen, M. S. Visser, and A. F. Van-rann, Language biases in the coverage of the Science Citation Index and its consequences for international comparisons of national research performance, Scientometrics, issue.1, pp.51-335, 2001.

K. Leitner, J. Prikoszovits, M. Schaffhauser-linzatti, R. Stowasser, and K. Wagner, The impact of size and specialisation on universities??? department performance: A DEA analysis applied to Austrian universities, Higher Education, vol.39, issue.2, pp.517-538, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10734-006-0002-9

N. C. Liu, The Story of Academic Ranking of World Universities, International Higher Education, vol.54, issue.54, pp.2-3, 2009.
DOI : 10.6017/ihe.2009.54.8409

C. Liu and Y. Cheng, The Academic Ranking of World Universities, Higher Education in Europe, vol.30, issue.2, pp.127-136, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/03797720500260116

C. Liu, Y. Cheng, and L. Liu, Academic ranking of world universities using scientometrics?? - A comment to the ???Fatal Attraction???, Scientometrics, vol.64, issue.1, pp.101-109, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11192-005-0241-z

. Marginson, Global university rankings: where to from here? Technical report, Asia-Pacific Association for International Education Communication to the Asia-Pacific Association for International Education, 2007.

H. Mintzberg, The Structuring of Organizations, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_23

H. F. Moed, R. E. De-bruin, and T. N. Van-leeuwen, New bibliometric tools for the assessment of national research performance: Database description, overview of indicators and first applications, Scientometrics, vol.3, issue.3, pp.381-422, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02017338

H. M. Moed, Bibliometric rankings of world universities, 2006.

J. Moisdon, Vers des modélisations apprenantes ? ´ Economies et Sociétés, pp.569-582, 2005.

G. Montibeller, F. Ackermann, V. Belton, and L. Ensslin, Reasoning maps for decision aid: an integrated approach for problem-structuring and multi-criteria evaluation, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol.19, issue.5, pp.575-589, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/21.24529

M. Norman and B. Stoker, Data Envelopment Analysis: The Assessment of performance, 1991.

J. C. Nunally, Psychmometric Theory, 1967.

A. Ostanello, Action Evaluation and Action Structuring: Different Decision Aid Situations Reviewed Through Two Actual Cases, Readings in multiple criteria decision aid, pp.36-57, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-75935-2_3

L. D. Phillips, C. A. Bana, and . Costa, Transparent prioritisation, budgeting and resource allocation with multi-criteria decision analysis and decision conferencing, Annals of Operations Research, vol.76, issue.2, pp.51-68, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10479-007-0183-3

W. J. Popham, Modern educational measurement, 1981.

E. C. Poulton, Behavioral decision theory: A new approach, 1994.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511574894

A. F. Van-raan, Fatal attraction: Conceptual and methodological problems in the ranking of universities by bibliometric methods, Scientometrics, vol.62, issue.1, pp.133-145, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11192-005-0008-6

A. F. Van-raan, Reply to the comments of Liu et al., Scientometrics, vol.64, issue.1, pp.111-112, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11192-005-0242-y

A. F. Van-raan, Measurement of central aspects of scientific research: performance, interdisciplinarity , structure. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, pp.1-19, 2005.

A. F. Van-raan, Challenges in the ranking of universities, World-Class University and Ranking: Aiming Beyond Status, pp.81-123, 2006.

F. S. Roberts, Measurement theory with applications to decision making, utility and the social sciences, 1979.

M. J. Rosenhead, Rational analysis for a problematic world, 1989.

B. Roy, Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1996. Original version in French " Méthodologie multicritère d'aidè a la décision, Economica, 1985.

B. Roy and D. Bouyssou, Aide multicritèrè a la décision : méthodes et cas, Economica, 1993.

M. Saisana and B. D. Hombres, Higher education rankings: Robustness issues and critical assessment. How much confidence can we have in higher education rankings?, 2008.

A. K. Sen, Internal Consistency of Choice, Econometrica, vol.61, issue.3, pp.495-521, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/2951715

A. Stella and D. Woodhouse, Ranking of higher education institutions, 2006.

V. T. 'kindt and J. Billaut, Multicriteria Scheduling, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01048641

. Turner, Benchmarking in universities: league tables revisited, Oxford Review of Education, vol.31, issue.3, pp.353-371, 2005.
DOI : 10.1108/09684889810200403

. Turner, World University rankings, International Perspectives on Education and Society, vol.9, pp.27-61, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1479-3679(08)00002-9
URL : http://apo.org.au/node/41797

. Ph and . Vincke, University rankings, Ranking universities, pp.11-26, 2009.

D. Winterfeldt and W. Edwards, Decision analysis and behavioral research, 1986.

M. Zitt and G. Filliatreau, Big is (made) beautiful: Some comments about the Shanghairanking of world-class universities, World-Class University and Ranking: Aiming Beyond Status, pp.141-160

M. Zitt, S. Ramanana-rahary, and E. Bassecoulard, Relativity of citation performance and excellence measures: From cross-field to cross-scale effects of field-normalisation, Scientometrics, vol.63, issue.2, pp.373-401, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11192-005-0218-y