Semi-classical formula beyond the Ehrenfest time in quantum chaos. (I) Trace formula
Résumé
We consider a nonlinear area preserving Anosov map M on the torus phase space, which is the simplest example of a fully chaotic dynamics. We are interested in the quantum dynamics for long time, generated by the unitary quantum propagator Mq. The usual semi-classical Trace formula expresses Tr(Mq^t) for finite time t, in the limit hbar->0, in terms of periodic orbits of M of period t. Recent work reach time t<< tE/6 where tE=log(1/hbar)/lambda is the Ehrenfest time, and lambda is the Lyapounov coefficient. Using a semi-classical normal form description of the dynamics uniformly over phase space, we show how to extend the trace formula for longer time of the form t= C.tE where C is any constant, with an arbitrary small error.