A. M. Aghedo, M. G. Schultz, R. , and S. , The influence of African air pollution on regional and global tropospheric ozone, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.7, issue.5, pp.1193-1212, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-7-1193-2007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00296158

M. O. Andreae, J. Fishman, and J. Lindesay, The Southern Tropical Atlantic Region Experiment (STARE): Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic (TRACE A) and Southern African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI): An introduction, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.101, issue.D19, pp.23519-23520, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD01786

S. Baldy, G. Ancellet, M. Bessafi, A. Badr, L. S. Luk et al., Field observations of the vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone at the island of Reunion (southern tropics), Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.101, issue.D19, pp.23835-23850, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD02929

J. L. Baray, G. Ancellet, F. G. Taupin, M. Bessafi, S. Baldy et al., Subtropical tropopause break as a possible stratospheric source of ozone in the tropical troposphere, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, vol.60, issue.1, pp.27-36, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1364-6826(97)00116-8

J. L. Baray, G. Ancellet, T. Randriambelo, and S. Baldy, Tropical cyclone Marlene and stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.51, issue.43, pp.13953-13970, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900028

J. L. Baray, J. Leveau, J. Porteneuve, G. Ancellet, P. Keckhut et al., Description and evaluation of a tropospheric ozone lidar implemented on an existing lidar in the southern subtropics, Applied Optics, vol.38, issue.33, pp.38-6808, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.38.006808

J. L. Baray, S. Baldy, R. D. Diab, C. , and J. P. , Dynamical study of a tropical cut-off low over South Africa, and its impact on tropospheric ozone, Atmospheric Environment, vol.37, issue.11, pp.1475-1488, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00999-8

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136961

J. L. Baray, J. Leveau, S. Baldy, J. Jouzel, P. Keckhut et al., An instrumented station for the survey of ozone and climate change in the southern tropics, J. Environ. Monit., vol.3, issue.13, pp.1020-1028, 2006.
DOI : 10.1039/B607762E

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00145015

C. M. Benkovitz, M. T. Scholtz, J. Pacyna, L. Tarrason, J. Dignon et al., Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.19, issue.2, pp.29239-29254, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD00126

A. B. Collier, A. R. Hughes, J. Lichtenberger, and P. Steinbach, Seasonal and diurnal variation of lightning activity over southern Africa and correlation with European whistler observations, Annales Geophysicae, vol.24, issue.2, pp.529-542, 2006.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-24-529-2006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00317958

C. Cosijn and P. D. Tyson, Stable discontinuities in the atmosphere over South Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci, vol.92, pp.381-386, 1996.

M. N. Deeter, L. K. Emmons, G. L. Francis, D. P. Edwards, J. C. Gille et al., Operational carbon moNO x ide retrieval algorithm and selected results for the MOPITT instrument, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.D14, p.439910, 1029.

R. D. Diab, A. M. Thompson, K. Mari, L. Ramsay, C. et al., Tropospheric ozone climatology over Irene, J. Geophys. Res, pp.10-1029, 1990.

M. Garstang, P. D. Tyson, R. Swap, M. Edwards, P. Kalleberg et al., Horizontal and vertical transport of air over southern Africa, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.4, issue.D19, pp.23721-23736, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD00844

A. Gettelman, T. Birner, V. Eyring, H. Akiyoshi, D. A. Plummer et al., The Tropical Tropopause Layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, vol.88, pp.1367-1413, 1367.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00400843

G. Held and J. Mphepya, Wet and dry deposition in South Africa, Proceedings, XI Congresso Brasiliero de Meteorologia (CDROM), SBMET, Rio de Janeiro, pp.16-20, 2000.

P. James, A. Stohl, C. Forster, S. Eckhardt, P. Seibert et al., A15-year climatology of stratosphere-troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model: 1. Methodology and validation, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.8519, pp.10-1029, 2003.

J. Kesselmeier and M. Staudt, Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): An overview on emission, physiology and ecology, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.33, issue.1, pp.23-88, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1006127516791

A. A. Lacis, D. J. Wuebbles, L. , and J. A. , Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.88, issue.D7, pp.95-9971, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JD095iD07p09971

J. Leclair-de-bellevue, A. Réchou, J. L. Baray, G. Ancellet, and R. D. Diab, Signatures of stratosphere to troposphere transport near deep convective events in the southern subtropics, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, issue.D2, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JD006947

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00133426

H. Lu and T. Chang, Meteorologically adjusted trends of daily maximum ozone concentrations in Taipei, Taiwan, Atmospheric Environment, vol.39, issue.35, pp.6491-6501, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.007

A. Marenco, J. C. Medale, and S. Prieur, Study of tropospheric ozone in the tropical belt (Africa, America) from STRATOZ and TROPOZ campaigns, Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, vol.24, issue.11, pp.2823-2834, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90169-N

A. Marenco, V. Thouret, P. Nédélec, H. G. Smit, M. Helten et al., Measurement of ozone and water vapor by Airbus in-service aircraft: The MOZAIC airborne program, an overview, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.16, issue.D19, pp.25631-25642, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98JD00977

R. V. Martin, D. J. Jacob, R. M. Yantosca, M. Chin, and P. Ginoux, Global and regional decreases in tropospheric oxidants from photochemical effects of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.33, issue.D3, pp.10-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002622

D. C. Montgomery, E. A. Peck, G. Vining, and G. , Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, 2006.

S. J. Oltmans, A. S. Lefohn, J. M. Harrisa, I. Galbally, H. E. Scheel et al., Long-term changes in tropospheric ozone, Long-term changes in tropospheric ozone, pp.3156-3173, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.029

S. J. Piketh, R. J. Swap, W. Maenhaut, H. J. Annegarn, and P. Formenti, Chemical evidence of long range atmospheric transport over south Africa, J. Geophys. Res, vol.107, issue.D24, pp.481710-1029, 2002.

G. A. Postel and M. H. Hitchman, A Climatology of Rossby Wave Breaking along the Subtropical Tropopause, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.56, issue.3, pp.359-373, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0359:ACORWB>2.0.CO;2

R. A. Preston-whyte and P. D. Tyson, The atmosphere and weather of Southern Africa, 1988.

T. Randriambelo, J. L. Baray, S. Baldy, P. Bremaud, C. et al., A case study of extreme tropospheric ozone contamination in the tropics using in-situ, satellite and meteorological data, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.101, issue.9, pp.1287-1290, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999GL900229

T. Randriambelo, J. L. Baray, and S. Baldy, Effect of biomass burning, convective venting, and transport on tropospheric ozone over the Indian Ocean: Reunion Island field observations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.23, issue.2, pp.11813-11832, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD901097

T. Randriambelo, J. L. Baray, S. Baldy, A. M. Thompson, S. Oltmans et al., Investigation of the short-time variability of tropical tropospheric ozone, Annales Geophysicae, vol.21, issue.10, pp.2095-2106, 2003.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-21-2095-2003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329288

V. Sivakumar, J. L. Baray, S. Baldy, and H. Bencherif, Tropopause characteristics over a southern subtropical site, Reunion Island (21 ? S, 55 ? E): Using radiosonde-ozonesonde data, J. Geophys. Res, pp.10-1029, 2006.

U. Schumann and H. Huntrieser, The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.7, issue.14, pp.3823-3907, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-7-3823-2007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00296295

H. G. Smit, W. Straeter, and B. J. Johnson, Assessment of the performance of ECC-ozonesondes under quasi-flight conditions in the environmental simulation chamber: Insights from the Juelich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment (JOSIE), Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.10, issue.D2, pp.1930610-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JD007308

D. S. Stevenson, F. J. Dentener, M. G. Schultz, K. Ellingsen, T. P. Van-noije et al., Multimodel ensemble simulations of presentday and near-future tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res, p.10, 1029.

R. J. Swap, H. J. Annegarn, J. T. Suttles, M. D. King, S. Platnick et al., Africa burning: A thematic analysis of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.8465, pp.10-1029, 2000.

F. G. Taupin, M. Bessafi, S. Baldy, and P. J. Bremaud, Tropospheric ozone above the southwestern Indian Ocean is strongly linked to dynamical conditions prevailing in the tropics, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.102, issue.16, pp.8057-8066, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/98JD02456

F. G. Taupin, S. Beekmann, P. J. Brémaud, R. , and T. , Ozone generation over the Indian Ocean during the South African biomass-burning period: case study of October 1992., Annales Geophysicae, vol.20, issue.4, pp.547-557, 1992.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-20-547-2002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329231

A. M. Thompson, J. C. Witte, R. D. Mcpeters, S. J. Oltmans, F. J. Schmidlin et al., Southern Hemisphere ADditional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998? 2000 tropical ozone climatology, 1. Comparison with TOMS and ground-based measurements, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108129, p.823810, 2003.

V. Thouret, A. Marenco, J. Logan, P. Nédélec, and C. Grouhel, Comparisons of ozone measurements from the MOZAIC airborne program and the ozone sounding network at eight locations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.103, issue.D19, pp.25695-25720, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98JD02243

V. Thouret, J. Cammas, B. Sauvage, G. Athier, R. Zbinden et al., Tropopause referenced ozone climatology and inter-annual variability (1994???2003) from the MOZAIC programme, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.6, issue.4, pp.1033-1051, 1033.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-6-1033-2006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00023208

P. D. Tyson, M. Garstang, and R. Swap, Large-Scale Recirculation of Air over Southern Africa, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.35, issue.12, pp.2218-2236, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<2218:LSROAO>2.0.CO;2

D. W. Waugh and L. M. Polvani, Climatology of intrusions into the tropical upper troposphere, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.56, issue.23, pp.3857-3860, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL012250

R. Wells, S. Lloyd, T. , C. Held, G. Gore et al., National air pollution source inventory, in: Air pollution and its impacts on the South African highveld, Environmental Scientific Association, pp.3-9, 1996.

J. R. Ziemke, J. Joiner, S. Chandra, P. K. Bhartia, A. Vasilkov et al., Ozone mixing ratios inside tropical deep convective clouds from OMI satellite measurements, Atmos . Chem. Phys, vol.9573, pp.573-583, 2009.