A. Adcroft and J. Campin, Rescaled height coordinates for accurate representation of free-surface flows in ocean circulation models, Ocean Modelling, pp.269-284, 2004.

A. Adcroft, C. Hill, M. , and J. , Representation of Topography by Shaved Cells in a Height Coordinate Ocean Model, Monthly Weather Review, vol.125, issue.9, pp.2293-2315, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2293:ROTBSC>2.0.CO;2

R. Asselin, Frequency Filter for Time Integrations, Monthly Weather Review, vol.100, issue.6, pp.487-490, 1972.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0487:FFFTI>2.3.CO;2

J. M. Beckers, H. Burchard, J. Campin, E. Deleersnijder, and P. P. Mathieu, -Coordinate Ocean Model???, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.7, pp.1552-1559, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<1552:ARWSDO>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01407904

J. M. Beckers, H. Burchard, E. Deleersnijder, and P. P. Mathieu, Numerical Discretization of Rotated Diffusion Operators in Ocean Models, Monthly Weather Review, vol.128, issue.8, pp.2711-2733, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2711:NDORDO>2.0.CO;2

A. Beckmann, E. P. Chassignet, and J. Verron, The Representation of Bottom Boundary Layer Processes in Numerical Ocean Circulation Models, NATO ASI Mathematical and Physical Sciences Series, vol.516, pp.135-154, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-5096-5_5

A. Beckmann and R. Döscher, A Method for Improved Representation of Dense Water Spreading over Topography in Geopotential-Coordinate Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.4, pp.581-591, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0581:AMFIRO>2.0.CO;2

M. Bentsen, G. Evensen, H. Drange, and A. Jenkins, Coordinate Transformation on a Sphere Using Conformal Mapping*, Monthly Weather Review, vol.127, issue.12, pp.2733-2740, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2733:CTOASU>2.0.CO;2

F. Bryan, Parameter Sensitivity of Primitive Equation Ocean General Circulation Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, issue.7, pp.45-79, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0970:PSOPEO>2.0.CO;2

M. Griffies, Formulation of an ocean climate model 985, 1987.

K. Bryan, A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.4, issue.3, pp.347-376, 1969.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(69)90004-7

K. Bryan, CLIMATE AND THE OCEAN CIRCULATION, Monthly Weather Review, vol.97, issue.11, pp.806-824, 1969.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1969)097<0806:CATOC>2.3.CO;2

K. Bryan and M. D. Cox, A numerical investigation of the oceanic general circulation, pp.54-80, 1967.

K. Bryan and M. D. Cox, An Approximate Equation of State for Numerical Models of Ocean Circulation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.2, issue.4, pp.510-514, 1972.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1972)002<0510:AAEOSF>2.0.CO;2

K. Bryan and L. J. Lewis, A water mass model of the World Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.5, issue.C5, pp.2503-2517, 1979.
DOI : 10.1029/JC084iC05p02503

K. Bryan, S. Manabe, and R. C. Pacanowski, A Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Model. Part II. The Oceanic Circulation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.5, issue.1, pp.30-46, 1975.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005<0030:AGOACM>2.0.CO;2

K. Bryan, J. K. Dukowicz, and R. D. Smith, On the Mixing Coefficient in the Parameterization of Bolus Velocity, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.9, pp.2442-2456, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2442:OTMCIT>2.0.CO;2

J. Campin, A. Adcroft, C. Hill, M. , and J. , Conservation of properties in a free-surface model, Ocean Modelling, pp.221-244, 2004.

A. Coward, P. Killworth, and J. Blundell, Tests of a twogrid world ocean model, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, issue.22, pp.725-747, 1994.

M. D. Cox, A Primitive Equation, 3-Dimensional Model of the Ocean, 1984.

M. D. Cox, Isopycnal diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean model, Ocean Modelling, pp.1-5, 1987.

S. Cunningham, S. Alderson, B. King, and M. Brandon, Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.12, issue.9, p.8084, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JC001147

G. Danabasoglu, J. C. Mcwilliams, and P. Gent, The Role of Mesoscale Tracer Transports in the Global Ocean Circulation, Science, vol.264, issue.5162, pp.1123-1126, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.264.5162.1123

E. Deleersnijder, J. Van-ypersele, and J. And-campin, An orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system for a world ocean model, Ocean Modelling, pp.7-10, 1993.

T. L. Delworth, R. Stouffer, K. Dixon, M. Spelman, T. Knutson et al., Review of simulations of climate variability and change with the GFDL R30 coupled climate model, Climate Dynamics, vol.19, pp.555-574, 2002.

W. K. Dewar, Y. Hsueh, T. J. Mcdougall, and D. Yuan, Calculation of Pressure in Ocean Simulations, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.4, pp.577-588, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0577:COPIOS>2.0.CO;2

S. C. Doney and M. W. Hecht, Antarctic Bottom Water Formation and Deep-Water Chlorofluorocarbon Distributions in a Global Ocean Climate Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1642-1666, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1642:ABWFAD>2.0.CO;2

R. Döscher and A. Beckmann, Effects of a Bottom Boundary Layer Parameterization in a Coarse-Resolution Model of the North Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.17, issue.5, pp.698-707, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0698:EOABBL>2.0.CO;2

J. K. Dukowicz and R. D. Smith, Stochastic theory of compressible turbulent fluid transport, Physics of Fluids, vol.9, issue.11, pp.3523-3529, 1997.
DOI : 10.1063/1.869460

D. R. Durran, Numerical Methods for Wave Equations in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4757-3081-4

M. Eby and G. Holloway, Grid transformation for incorporating the Arctic in a global ocean model, Climate Dynamics, pp.241-247, 1994.

R. Feistel and E. Hagen, On the GIBBS thermodynamic potential of seawater, Progress in Oceanography, vol.36, issue.4, pp.249-327, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6611(96)00001-8

R. Ferrari, A. R. Plumb, P. Müller, and C. Garrett, Residual circulation in the ocean, in: Near-Boundary Processes and Their Parameterization, Proceedings of the 13th 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop, pp.219-228, 2003.

P. R. Gent and J. C. Mcwilliams, Isopycnal Mixing in Ocean Circulation Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.20, issue.1, pp.150-155, 1990.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<0150:IMIOCM>2.0.CO;2

P. R. Gent, J. Willebrand, T. J. Mcdougall, and J. C. Mcwilliams, Parameterizing Eddy-Induced Tracer Transports in Ocean Circulation Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.25, issue.4, pp.463-474, 1995.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0463:PEITTI>2.0.CO;2

R. Gerdes, C. Köberle, W. , and J. , The influence of numerical advection schemes on the results of ocean general circulation models, Climate Dynamics, vol.5, issue.4, pp.211-226, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00210006

R. Gerdes, W. Hurlin, and S. Griffies, Sensitivity of a global ocean model to increased run-off from Greenland, Ocean Modelling, 2005.

A. Gill, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, International Geophysics Series, vol.30, 1982.

A. Gnanadesikan, A Simple Predictive Model for the Structure of the Oceanic Pycnocline, Science, vol.283, issue.5410, pp.2077-2079, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5410.2077

A. Gnanadesikan, A global model of silicon cycling: Sensitivity to eddy parameterization and dissolution, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.13, issue.1, pp.199-220, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1998GB900013

A. Gnanadesikan, Numerical issues for coupling biological models with isopycnal mixing schemes, Ocean Modelling, pp.1-15, 1999.

A. Gnanadesikan, R. Slater, N. Gruber, and J. Sarmiento, Oceanic vertical exchange and new production: A comparison Ocean Science www.ocean-science.net/os, Deep Sea Research II, pp.45-79, 2002.

A. Gnanadesikan, R. Slater, and B. Samuels, Sensitivity of water mass transformation and heat transport to subgridscale parameterization in ocean general circulation models, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, pp.10-1029, 1967.

A. Gordon, R. Susanto, and K. Vranes, Cool Indonesian throughflow as a consequence of restricted surface layer flow, Nature, vol.425, issue.6960, pp.824-828, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02038

C. Gordon, C. Cooper, C. A. Senior, H. Banks, J. M. Gregory et al., The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments, Climate Dynamics, pp.147-168, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s003820050010

R. J. Greatbatch and G. Li, Alongslope mean flow and an associated upslope bolus flux of tracer in a parameterization of mesoscale turbulence, Deep-Sea Research, pp.709-735, 2000.

M. Gregg, T. Sanford, and D. Winkel, Reduced mixing from the breaking of internal waves in equatorial waters, Nature, vol.93, issue.6931, pp.513-515, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3269:POSATA>2.0.CO;2

S. M. Griffies, The Gent???McWilliams Skew Flux, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.5, pp.831-841, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0831:TGMSF>2.0.CO;2

S. M. Griffies, Fundamentals of ocean climate models, 2004.

S. M. Griffies and R. W. Hallberg, Biharmonic Friction with a Smagorinsky-Like Viscosity for Use in Large-Scale Eddy-Permitting Ocean Models, Monthly Weather Review, vol.128, issue.8, pp.2935-2946, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2935:BFWASL>2.0.CO;2

S. M. Griffies, A. Gnanadesikan, R. C. Pacanowski, V. Larichev, J. K. Dukowicz et al., -Coordinate Ocean Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.5, pp.805-830, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0805:IDIAZC>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491453

S. M. Griffies, R. C. Pacanowski, and R. W. Hallberg, -Coordinate Ocean Model, Monthly Weather Review, vol.128, issue.3, pp.538-564, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0538:SDMAWA>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491453

S. M. Griffies, R. Pacanowski, R. Schmidt, and V. Balaji, -Coordinate Ocean Models, Monthly Weather Review, vol.129, issue.5, pp.1081-1098, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1081:TCWAEF>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491453

S. M. Griffies, M. J. Harrison, R. C. Pacanowski, and A. Rosati, A Technical Guide to MOM4, p.337, 2004.

R. Hallberg and A. Gnanadesikan, An Exploration of the Role of Transient Eddies in Determining the Transport of a Zonally Reentrant Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.31, issue.11, pp.3312-3330, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<3312:AEOTRO>2.0.CO;2

R. W. Hallberg, Stable Split Time Stepping Schemes for Large-Scale Ocean Modeling, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.135, issue.1, pp.54-65, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/jcph.1997.5734

G. T. Haltiner and R. T. Williams, Numerical Prediction and Dynamic Meteorology, 1980.

I. M. Held and V. D. Larichev, A Scaling Theory for Horizontally Homogeneous, Baroclinically Unstable Flow on a Beta Plane, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.53, issue.7, pp.946-952, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0946:ASTFHH>2.0.CO;2

I. M. Held and T. Schneider, The Surface Branch of the Zonally Averaged Mass Transport Circulation in the Troposphere, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.56, issue.11, pp.1688-1697, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1688:TSBOTZ>2.0.CO;2

W. R. Holland, J. C. Chow, and F. O. Bryan, Application of a Third-Order Upwind Scheme in the NCAR Ocean Model*, Journal of Climate, vol.11, issue.6, pp.1487-1493, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1487:AOATOU>2.0.CO;2

R. X. Huang, Real Freshwater Flux as a Natural Boundary Condition for the Salinity Balance and Thermohaline Circulation Forced by Evaporation and Precipitation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.23, issue.11, pp.2428-2446, 1993.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<2428:RFFAAN>2.0.CO;2

W. Hundsdorfer and R. Trompert, Method of lines and direct discretization: a comparison for linear advection, Applied Numerical Mathematics, vol.13, issue.6, pp.469-490, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-9274(94)90009-4

M. Jakobssen, N. Chervis, J. Woodward, R. Macnab, C. et al., New grid of Arctic bathymetry aids scientists and mapmakers, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, vol.67, issue.9, p.899396, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/00EO00059

L. H. Kantha and C. A. Clayson, Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Fluid Flows, 2000.

D. Karoly, P. Mcintosh, P. Berrisford, T. J. Mcdougall, and A. Hirst, Similarities of the deacon cell in the southern ocean and Ferrel cells in the atmosphere, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.42, issue.538, pp.519-526, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712353813

P. D. Killworth, Topographic instabilities in level model OGCM's, Ocean Modelling, pp.9-12, 1987.

P. D. Killworth, D. Stainforth, D. J. Webb, and S. M. Paterson, The Development of a Free-Surface Bryan???Cox???Semtner Ocean Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1333-1348, 1991.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<1333:TDOAFS>2.0.CO;2

W. G. Large, J. C. Mcwilliams, and S. C. Doney, Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.33, issue.11, pp.363-403, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/94RG01872

W. G. Large, G. Danabasoglu, S. C. Doney, and J. C. Mcwilliams, Sensitivity to Surface Forcing and Boundary Layer Mixing in a Global Ocean Model: Annual-Mean Climatology, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.11, pp.2418-2447, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2418:STSFAB>2.0.CO;2

W. G. Large, G. Danabasoglu, J. C. Mcwilliams, P. R. Gent, and F. O. Bryan, Equatorial Circulation of a Global Ocean Climate Model with Anisotropic Horizontal Viscosity, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.31, issue.2, pp.518-536, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0518:ECOAGO>2.0.CO;2

M. Latif, D. Anderson, T. Barnett, M. Cane, R. Kleeman et al., A review of the predictability and prediction of ENSO, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.115, issue.C7, pp.375-389, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/97JC03413

L. C. Laurent and R. Schmitt, The Contribution of Salt Fingers to Vertical Mixing in the North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment*, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.7, pp.1404-1424, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1404:TCOSFT>2.0.CO;2

K. Leaman, R. Molinari, and P. Vertes, Structure and Variability of the Florida Current at 27??N: April 1982???July 1984, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, issue.5, pp.565-583, 1982.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0565:SAVOTF>2.0.CO;2

J. R. Ledwell, A. J. Watson, and C. S. Law, Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer-release www.ocean-science.net/os, Ocean Science, vol.1, issue.145, pp.45-79, 2005.

S. M. Griffies, Formulation of an ocean climate model experiment, Nature, vol.364, pp.701-703, 1993.

H. Lee, A. Rosati, and M. Spelman, Barotropic tidal mixing effects in a coupled climate model: Oceanic conditions in the Northern Atlantic, Ocean Modelling, vol.11, issue.3-4, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.03.003

B. P. Leonard, A stable and accurate convective modelling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.19, issue.1, pp.59-98, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(79)90034-3

S. Lin, A ???Vertically Lagrangian??? Finite-Volume Dynamical Core for Global Models, Monthly Weather Review, vol.132, issue.10, pp.2293-2307, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2293:AVLFDC>2.0.CO;2

G. Madec and M. Imbard, A global ocean mesh to overcome the North Pole singularity, Climate Dynamics, vol.12, issue.6, pp.381-388, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00211684

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00154220

E. Maier-reimer, K. Hasselmann, D. Olbers, W. , and J. , An ocean circulation model for climate studies, Max-Plank- Institut für Meteorologie, p.34, 1983.

S. Manabe and K. Bryan, Climate Calculations with a Combined Ocean-Atmosphere Model, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.26, issue.4, pp.786-789, 1969.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<0786:CCWACO>2.0.CO;2

J. Marotzke, Influence of Convective Adjustment on the Stability of the Thermohaline Circulation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, issue.6, pp.903-907, 1991.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<0903:IOCAOT>2.0.CO;2

J. Marshall, D. Olbers, H. Ross, and D. Wolf-gladrow, Potential Vorticity Constraints on the Dynamics and Hydrography of the Southern Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.23, issue.3, pp.465-487, 1993.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0465:PVCOTD>2.0.CO;2

J. Marshall, C. Hill, L. Perelman, and A. Adcroft, Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.37, issue.C11, pp.5733-5752, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96JC02776

S. Marsland, H. Haak, J. Jungclaus, M. Latif, R. et al., The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, Ocean Modelling, pp.91-127, 2003.

T. J. Mcdougall, Neutral Surfaces, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, issue.11, pp.1950-1967, 1987.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<1950:NS>2.0.CO;2

T. J. Mcdougall and J. A. Church, Pitfalls with the Numerical Representation of Isopycnal Diapycnal Mixing, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.16, issue.1, pp.196-199, 1986.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1986)016<0196:PWTNRO>2.0.CO;2

T. J. Mcdougall and P. C. Mcintosh, The Temporal-Residual-Mean Velocity. Part II: Isopycnal Interpretation and the Tracer and Momentum Equations, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.31, issue.5, pp.1222-1246, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1222:TTRMVP>2.0.CO;2

T. J. Mcdougall, D. R. Jackett, D. G. Wright, and R. Feistel, Accurate and Computationally Efficient Algorithms for Potential Temperature and Density of Seawater, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.20, issue.5, pp.730-741, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)20<730:AACEAF>2.0.CO;2

G. Meehl, P. R. Gent, J. Arblaster, B. Otto-bliesner, E. Brady et al., Factors that affect the amplitude of El Niño in global coupled climate models, Climate Dynamics, pp.515-526, 2001.

F. Mesinger and A. Arakawa, Numerical Methods used in Atmospheric Models, p.66, 1976.

A. Morel and D. Antoine, Heating Rate within the Upper Ocean in Relation to its Bio???optical State, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.24, issue.7, pp.1652-1665, 1994.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<1652:HRWTUO>2.0.CO;2

R. J. Murray, Explicit Generation of Orthogonal Grids for Ocean Models, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.126, issue.2, pp.251-273, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/jcph.1996.0136

R. J. Murray and C. J. Reason, A Curvilinear Version of the Bryan???Cox???Semtner Ocean Model and Its Representation of the Arctic Circulation, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.171, issue.1, pp.1-46, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/jcph.2001.6761

R. Murtugudde, J. Beauchamp, C. R. Mcclain, M. Lewis, and A. J. Busalacchi, Effects of Penetrative Radiation on the Upper Tropical Ocean Circulation, Journal of Climate, vol.15, issue.5, pp.470-486, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0470:EOPROT>2.0.CO;2

J. Ohlmann, Ocean Radiant Heating in Climate Models, Journal of Climate, vol.16, issue.9, pp.1337-1351, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442-16.9.1337

D. J. Olbers, M. Wenzel, W. , and J. , The inference of North Atlantic circulation patterns from climatological hydrographic data, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.81, issue.2, pp.313-356, 1985.
DOI : 10.1029/RG023i004p00313

R. C. Pacanowski, Effect of Equatorial Currents on Surface Stress, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, issue.6, pp.833-838, 1987.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0833:EOECOS>2.0.CO;2

R. C. Pacanowski and A. Gnanadesikan, -Level Ocean Model That Resolves Topography with Partial Cells, Monthly Weather Review, vol.126, issue.12, pp.3248-3270, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3248:TRIAZL>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877158

R. C. Pacanowski and S. M. Griffies, The MOM3 Manual, p.680, 1999.

Y. Park and K. Bryan, Comparison of Thermally Driven Circulations from a Depth-Coordinate Model and an Isopycnal-Layer Model. Part I: Scaling-Law Sensitivity to Vertical Diffusivity, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.30, issue.3, pp.590-605, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0590:COTDCF>2.0.CO;2

K. L. Polzin, K. Speer, J. M. Toole, and R. W. Schmitt, Intense mixing of Antarctic Bottom Water in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Nature, vol.380, issue.6569, pp.54-57, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/380054a0

K. L. Polzin, J. M. Toole, J. R. Ledwell, and R. W. Schmitt, Spatial Variability of Turbulent Mixing in the Abyssal Ocean, Science, vol.276, issue.5309, pp.93-96, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.276.5309.93

S. Rahmstorf, A fast and complete convection scheme for ocean models, Ocean Modelling, pp.9-11, 1993.

M. H. Redi, Oceanic Isopycnal Mixing by Coordinate Rotation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.12, issue.10, pp.1154-1158, 1982.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012<1154:OIMBCR>2.0.CO;2

A. Roach, K. Aagard, C. Pease, S. Salo, T. Weingartner et al., Direct measurements of transport and water properties through the Bering Strait, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.22, issue.C9, pp.18-443, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95JC01673

A. Robert, The integration of a low order spectral form of the primitive meteorological equations, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, vol.44, pp.237-244, 1966.

J. Roberts, P. Heil, R. Murray, D. Holloway, and N. Bindoff, Pole relocation for an orthogonal grid: an analytic method, Ocean Modelling, 2005.

M. J. Roberts and D. Marshall, Do We Require Adiabatic Dissipation Schemes in Eddy-Resolving Ocean Models?, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.10, pp.2050-2063, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2050:DWRADS>2.0.CO;2

M. J. Roberts and R. Wood, Topographic Sensitivity Studies with a Bryan???Cox-Type Ocean Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.5, pp.823-836, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0823:TSSWAB>2.0.CO;2

R. W. Schmitt, Double Diffusion in Oceanography, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.26, issue.1, pp.255-285, 1994.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fl.26.010194.001351

E. Schneider, D. Dewitt, A. Rosati, B. Kirtman, J. Link et al., Retrospective ENSO Forecasts: Sensitivity to Atmospheric Model and Ocean Resolution, Monthly Weather Review, vol.131, issue.12, pp.3038-3060, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<3038:REFSTA>2.0.CO;2

A. J. Semtner, An oceanic general circulation model with bottom topography, in Numerical Simulation of Weather and Climate, 1974.

S. M. Griffies, Formulation of an ocean climate model 79

J. Smagorinsky, GENERAL CIRCULATION EXPERIMENTS WITH THE PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS, Monthly Weather Review, vol.91, issue.3, pp.99-164, 1963.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2

J. Smagorinsky, Some historical remarks on the use of nonlinear viscosities, in: Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows, pp.3-36, 1993.

K. S. Smith and G. K. Vallis, The Scales and Equilibration of Midocean Eddies: Forced???Dissipative Flow, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1699-1721, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1699:TSAEOM>2.0.CO;2

R. D. Smith and J. C. Mcwilliams, Anisotropic horizonal viscosity for ocean models, Ocean Modelling, pp.129-156, 2003.

R. D. Smith, S. Kortas, and B. Meltz, Curvilinear coordinates for global ocean models, pp.95-1146, 1995.

W. H. Smith and D. T. Sandwell, Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, vol.277, pp.1957-1962, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.277.5334.1956

H. Solomon, On the Representation of Isentropic Mixing in Ocean Circulation Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.1, issue.3, pp.233-234, 1971.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1971)001<0233:OTROIM>2.0.CO;2

M. W. Stacey, S. Pond, and Z. P. Nowak, A Numerical Model of the Circulation in Knight Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1037-1062, 1995.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<1037:ANMOTC>2.0.CO;2

D. Stammer, Global Characteristics of Ocean Variability Estimated from Regional TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Measurements, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.8, pp.1743-1769, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1743:GCOOVE>2.0.CO;2

P. Stone, A Simplified Radiative-Dynamical Model for the Static Stability of Rotating Atmospheres, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.29, issue.3, pp.405-418, 1972.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<0405:ASRDMF>2.0.CO;2

R. J. Stouffer, A. Broccoli, T. Delworth, K. Dixon, R. Gudgel et al., GFDL's CM2 Global coupled climate models, Journal of Climate, 2005.

P. Sweby, High Resolution Schemes Using Flux Limiters for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, vol.21, issue.5, pp.995-1011, 1984.
DOI : 10.1137/0721062

C. Sweeney, A. Gnanadesikan, S. M. Griffies, M. Harrison, A. Rosati et al., Impacts of Shortwave Penetration Depth on Large-Scale Ocean Circulation and Heat Transport, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.35, issue.6, pp.1103-1119, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/JPO2740.1

Y. Tang and M. Roberts, The Impact of a Bottom Boundary Layer Scheme on the North Atlantic Ocean in a Global Coupled Climate Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.35, issue.2, pp.202-217, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/JPO-2671.1

J. M. Toole, T. J. Mcdougall, G. Siedler, J. Gould, and J. Church, Mixing and stirring in the ocean interior, in: Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modelling the Global Ocean, pp.337-356, 2001.

J. M. Toole, K. L. Polzin, and R. W. Schmitt, Estimates of Diapycnal Mixing in the Abyssal Ocean, Science, vol.264, issue.5162, pp.1120-1123, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.264.5162.1120

J. M. Toole, R. W. Schmitt, and K. L. Polzin, Near-boundary mixing above the flanks of a midlatitude seamount, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.87, issue.C1, pp.947-959, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96JC03160

A. M. Treguier, I. M. Held, and V. D. Larichev, Parameterization of Quasigeostrophic Eddies in Primitive Equation Ocean Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.4, pp.567-580, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0567:POQEIP>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00268210

M. Visbeck, J. C. Marshall, T. Haine, and M. Spall, Specification of Eddy Transfer Coefficients in Coarse-Resolution Ocean Circulation Models*, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.3, pp.381-402, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0381:SOETCI>2.0.CO;2

R. C. Wajsowicz, Models of the Southeast Asian Seas, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.5, pp.986-1018, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0986:MOTSAS>2.0.CO;2

J. Whitehead and L. Worthington, The flux and mixing rates of Antarctic bottom water within the North Atlantic, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.19, issue.C10, pp.7903-7924, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/JC087iC10p07903

M. Winton, R. W. Hallberg, and A. Gnanadesikan, -Coordinate Ocean Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.11, pp.2163-2174, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2163:SODDFD>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00421711

A. Wittenberg, A. Rosati, G. Lau, and J. Ploshay, Tropical simulations with the recent GFDL coupled climate model, Journal of Climate, 2005.