Adoption and appropriation: towards a new theoretical framework. An exploratory research on mobile technologies in French companies
Résumé
The objective of this research is to propose an alternative theoretical model that goes beyond the well-accepted separation between adoption and appropriation. The theoretical analysis of appropriation ignores the question of adoption of the technology. As mobile technologies can be used for private or business purposes, and because employees have often a prior experience with mobile technologies before joining a company, the linkage between adoption and appropriation of mobile technologies should be taken into account at the theoretical level. The uses developed at the individual level, outside the company environment and before entering the company, can influence organizational usage and the processes of appropriation at the organizational level. Our purpose in this article is to see if there us a link between mobile technology adoption and appropriation, and usage. We first present the numerous specific characteristics of mobile technologies that generate paradoxical effects for the user. We then examine the traditional models of adoption to show their limitations, specifically in the case of mobile technologies. The principal models of appropriation are then discussed. An exploratory empirical study, involving 76 managers in eight French companies is presented to understand the logic of adoption and the uses of mobile technologies. This research highlights the complex logic of adoption and usage that diverges from the existing models that are discussed in the theoretical section. In the final part of the paper, the discussion of the results makes it possible to outline a new theoretical framework that combines the adoption process and the appropriation process
L'objectif de cette recherche est de proposer un modèle alternatif qui dépasse les approches classiques de l'adoption et de l'appropriation. En effet, les approches théoriques de l'appropriation ignorent souvent la question de l'adoption des technologies par les individus. Or, les technologies mobiles sont utilisées dans la sphère privée et les individus possèdent souvent une expérience antérieure à leur utilisation dans le cadre professionnel. Par conséquent l'analyse de l'adoption et de l'appropriation au sein des organisations devrait intégrer l'analyse de l'adoption au niveau individuel. Cette recherche tente d'identifier dans une perspective exploratoire, au travers de 76 entretiens semi-directifs centrés auprès de managers dans huit entreprises françaises. L'analyse empirique met en évidence une influence certaine des logiques d'adoption individuelles sur les différentes formes d'appropriation organisationnelle. Un modèle théorique combinant l'adoption et l'appropriation est proposé en conclusion.