W. Andersen and C. Menzel, Modal Rigidity in the OntoClean Methodology, Formal Ontology in Information Systems, Proceedings of the International Conference, pp.119-127, 2004.

G. Antoniou and F. Van-harmelen, Web Ontology Language: OWL, Handbook on Ontologies, pp.67-92, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-24750-0_4

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.9313

N. Aussenac-gilles, B. Biébow, and S. Szulman, Revisiting ontology design: a methodology based on corpus analysis Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: Methods, Models and Tools, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference EKAW'2000, pp.172-188, 1937.

B. Bachimont, Art et sciences du numérique : ingénierie des connaissances et critique de la raison computationnelle, HDR (Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches) report, 2004.

S. Bechhofer, I. Horrocks, C. Goble, and R. Stevens, OilEd: A Reason-able Ontology Editor for the Semantic Web, Proceedings of the Joint German/Austrian Conference on Artificial Intelligence: KI'01, LNAI 2174, pp.396-408, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45422-5_28

S. and B. Khédija, Intégration de la méthode OntoSpec dans TERMINAE. DEA (Diplôme d'Études Approfondies) report, 2004.

T. Bittner, M. Donnelly, and B. Smith, Individuals, Universals, Collections: On the Foundational Relations of Ontology, Formal Ontology in Information Systems, Proceedings of the Third International Conference, pp.2004-2041, 2004.

S. Bruaux, Intégration d'un éditeur de fiches de modélisation dans la plate-forme TERMINAE, 2005.

S. Bruaux, G. Kassel, and G. Morel, An ontological approach to the construction of problem-solving models, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Knowledge capture , K-CAP '05, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1088622.1088658

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00005019

M. Carrara, P. Giaretta, V. Morato, M. Soavi, and G. Spolaore, Identity and Modality in OntoClan, Formal Ontology in Information Systems, Proceedings of the International Conference, pp.128-139, 2004.

M. Fernández-lópez, A. Gómez-pérez, J. Pazos-sierra, and A. Pazos-sierra, Building a Chemical Ontology Using Methontology and the Ontology Design Environment, IEEE Intelligent Systems, pp.37-46, 1999.

M. Fernández-lópez and A. Gómez-pérez, The Integration of OntoClean in WebODE, Proceedings of the EKAW 2002 Workshop on Evaluation of Ontology-based Tools (EON2002), Siguenza (Spain), 2002.

R. Ferrario and A. Oltramari, Towards a Computational Ontology of Mind, 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, pp.287-297, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/AERO.2005.1559636

J. Fortier, Vers une gestion des connaissances au niveau des informations, 2005.

A. Gangemi and P. Mika, Understanding the Semantic Web through Descriptions and Situations, Proceedings of the International Conference on Ontologies, Databases and Applications of Semantics, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39964-3_44

N. Guarino and P. Giaretta, Ontologies and Knowledge Bases; Towards a terminological Clarification Towards Very Large Knowledge Bases: Knowledge Building and Knowledge Sharing, pp.25-32, 1995.

N. Guarino and C. Welty, Identity, Unity, and Individuality: Towards a formal toolkit for ontological analysis, Proceedings of the 14 th European Conference on artificial Intelligence: ECAI-2000, pp.219-223, 2000.

N. Guarino and C. Welty, A Formal Ontology of Properties, Proceedings of the 12 th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: EKAW-2000, pp.97-112, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-39967-4_8

N. Guarino and C. Welty, Evaluating ontological decisions with OntoClean, Communications of the ACM, vol.45, issue.2, pp.61-65, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/503124.503150

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.5832

N. Guarino and C. Welty, An Overview of OntoClean, Handbook on Ontologies, pp.151-171, 2004.

C. Masolo, S. Borgo, A. Gangemi, N. Guarino, A. Oltramari et al., The WonderWeb Library of Foundational Ontologies and the DOLCE ontology, pp.31-43, 2003.

C. Masolo and S. Borgo, Qualities in Formal Ontology, proceedings of the Workshop on Foundational Aspects of Ontologies: FOnt 2005, 2005.

I. Niles and A. Pease, Towards a standard upper ontology, Proceedings of the international conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems , FOIS '01, 2001.
DOI : 10.1145/505168.505170

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.20.7003

N. F. Noy and D. L. Mcguinness, Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology, 2001.

A. Rector, N. Drummond, M. Horridge, J. Rogers, H. Knublauch et al., OWL Pizzas: Practical Experience of Teaching OWL-DL: Common Errors & Common Patterns, Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web, Proceedings of the 14 th International Conference EKAW, pp.63-81, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-023X(01)00030-1

S. Szulman and B. Biébow, OWL et Terminae, Proceedings of the 15th Frenchspeaking Conference on Knowledge Engineering, pp.41-52, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00380569

M. Uschold and M. Grüninger, Ontologies: principles, methods and applications, The Knowledge Engineering Review, vol.11, issue.02, pp.93-136, 1996.
DOI : 10.1017/S0269888900007797

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.111.5903

M. Uschold, M. King, S. Moralee, and Y. Zorgios, The Enterprise Ontology, The Knowledge Engineering Review, vol.13, issue.1, pp.31-89, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/S0269888998001088

C. Welty and N. Guarino, Supporting Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECT is EXTERNALLY-DEPENDENT (+D) AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECT is NON-EMPTY. SOCIAL AGENT and SOCIETY is a non-trivial Partition of AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECT. Properties [EP/SL] An AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECT is a SOCIAL OBJECT. Social agent, SAG Meta-properties SOCIAL AGENT is RIGID (+R). SOCIAL AGENT is NOT CARRYING AN IDENTITY CRITERION (-I), SOCIAL AGENT is EXTERNALLY-DEPENDENT (+D). [Ad72] SOCIAL AGENT one-sided generically constantly depends on AGENTIVE PHYSICAL OBJECT. SOCIAL AGENT is NON-EMPTY, pp.51-74, 2001.

S. Society and . Meta, SOCIETY is NOT CARRYING AN IDENTITY CRITERION (-I) SOCIETY is CARRYING A COMMON UNITY CRITERION (+U) SOCIETY is EXTERNALLY-DEPENDENT (+D). [Ad32] SOCIETY is constantly generically constituted by SOCIAL AGENT. SOCIETY is NON-EMPTY. Properties [EP/SL] A SOCIETY is an AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECT

N. Social, OBJECT one-sided generically constantly depends on SOCIETY. NON-AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECT is NON-EMPTY. Properties [EP/SL] A NON-AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECT is a SOCIAL OBJECT. Comment [EX] Examples of NON-AGENTIVE SOCIAL OBJECTS are a law, an economic system, a currency

. Physical-endurant, P. Meta-properties, and . Endurant, PHYSICAL ENDURANT is NOT CARRYING AN IDENTITY CRITERION (-I) PHYSICAL ENDURANT is NOT CARRYING A COMMON UNITY CRITERION (-U) PHYSICAL ENDURANT is NON-EXTERNALLY-DEPENDENT (-D). PHYSICAL ENDURANT mutually constituted by some machinery, and so on

. Non, N. Meta-properties, . Physical, and . Object, NON-AGENTIVE PHYSICAL OBJECT is CARRYING AN IDENTITY CRITERION (+I) NON- AGENTIVE PHYSICAL OBJECT is not CARRYING A COMMON UNITY CRITERION (-U) NON-AGENTIVE PHYSICAL OBJECT is NON-EXTERNALLY- DEPENDENT (-D). [Ad30] NON-AGENTIVE PHYSICAL OBJECT is constantly generically constituted by AMOUNT OF MATTER. NON-AGENTIVE PHYSICAL OBJECT is NON-EMPTY. Properties [EP/SL] A NON-AGENTIVE PHYSICAL OBJECT is a PHYSICAL OBJECT

O. Perdurant, R. Perdurant, N. An, . Criterion-(-i-), N. Perdurant et al., PERDURANT is EXTERNALLY-DEPENDENT (+D) PERDURANT mutually specifically constantly depends on TEMPORAL QUALITY. PERDURANT inversely partially generically spatially depends on ENDURANT. PERDURANT is NON-EMPTY. EVENT and STATIVE is a non-trivial Partition of PERDURANT [Ad2b; EP/VR] A PERDURANT is a part of only PERDURANTS. [Ad5b; EP/NMC] Every PERDURANT is part of itself. [Td15b'; EP/ER] Every PERDURANT is present at at least one TIME INTERVAL. [Ad8b'; EP/NMC] Every PERDURANT1 which is not a part of a PERDURANT2 is such that there exists at least one PERDURANT3 which is a part of PERDURANT1 and which does not overlap with PERDURANT2. [Ad23a'; EP/VR] A PERDURANT has for constituents only PERDURANTS during a TIME INTERVAL. [Ad23b'; EP/VR] A PERDURANT constitutes only PERDURANTS during a TIME INTERVAL. [Ad34'; NMC] For every PERDURANT present at a TIME INTERVAL there exists at least one ENDURANT which participates in the PERDURANT during that TIME INTERVAL. [Ad39ab'; EP/VR] A PERDURANT has for qualities only TEMPORAL QUALITIES. [Ad49'; EP/ER] Every PERDURANT has for quality at least one TEMPORAL LOCATION. [Td1b'; EP/NMC] No PERDURANT constitutes itself during a TIME INTERVAL. Comment [SA] PERDURANTS are divided among STATIVES and EVENTS according to whether they hold of the mereological sum of two of their instances, i.e. if they are cumulative or not Perdurants [?] just extend in time by accumulating different temporal parts, so that, at any time they are present, they are only partially present, in the sense that some of their proper temporal parts (e.g., their previous or future phases) may be not present They can have temporal parts or spatial parts, Perdurants cannot change [?] since none of their parts keeps its identity in time. " [CIT] [D18, pp.15-1624