Local Government and Innovation for Sustainable mobility
Résumé
This paper traces the interdependent development cycle of institutions and technology concerning sustainable mobility by analyzing the relationship between innovation and transportation policy in local governments. This paper spells out local government solutions to mobility problems using Sustainable Innovative Mobility Means (SIMM). Throughout the world, there are many SIMM projects that were implemented by local governments. Therefore, this paper focuses on local government as a main driver of SIMM. This research investigates optimal policies and the role and instruments of local governments in sustainable mobility innovation. This paper uses European and Japanese case studies and theoretical assumptions. Five roles and five instruments of local government in transportation policy have been analyzed in this paper. Actually, the importance of these roles and instruments varies by municipality, depending on factors such as the size and level of the local government and its relationship with the state. Innovative urban rail project cases in Japan and France gave us many indications of the role of local transport policy in innovating mobility technology. Some failed rail projects also have provided important suggestions about the responsibility and governance of local government, especially about the establishment of transportation planning. In the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) application case in Helsinki, a successful partnership between a local government and an app developer was the key to success. In the case of the autonomous minibus of Sion and ridesharing in Nakatonbetsu, local government provided the environment to develop step-by-step to SIMM developers. In the integrative framework, regionality is important. SIMM develops in regional society. Thus, efficient local mobility governance is the incubator for SIMM.
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