Herschel/HIFI discovery of interstellar chloronium (H2Cl+)

D. C. Lis; J. C. Pearson; D. A. Neufeld; P. Schilke; H. S. P. Müller; H. C. Gupta; T. A. Bell; C. Comito; T. G. Phillips; E. A. Bergin; C. Ceccarelli; P. F. Goldsmith; G. A. Blake; A. Bacmann; Alain Baudry; M. Benedettini; A. Benz; J. Black; A. Boogert; S. Bottinelli; S. Cabrit; P. Caselli; A. Castets; E. Caux; J. Cernicharo; C. Codella; A. Coutens; N. Crimier; N. R. Crockett; F. Daniel; K. Demyk; C. Dominic; M.-L. Dubernet; M. Emprechtinger; P. Encrenaz; E. Falgarone; A. Fuente; M. Gerin; T. F. Giesen; J. R. Goicoechea; F. Helmich; P. Hennebelle; Th. Henning; E. Herbst; P. Hily-Blant; Å. Hjalmarson; D. Hollenbach; T. Jacq; C. Joblin; D. Johnstone; C. Kahane; M. Kama; M. Kaufman; A. Klotz; W. D. Langer; B. Larsson; J. Le Bourlot; B. Lefloch; F. Le Petit; D. Li; R. Liseau; S. D. Lord; A. Lorenzani; S. Maret; P. G. Martin; G. J. Melnick; K. M. Menten; P. Morris; J. A. Murphy; Z. Nagy; B. Nisini; V. Ossenkopf; S. Pacheco; L. Pagani; B. Parise; M. Pérault; R. Plume; S.-L. Qin; E. Roueff; M. Salez; A. Sandqvist; P. Saraceno; S. Schlemmer; K. Schuster; R. Snell; J. Stutzki; A. Tielens; N. Trappe; F. F. S. Van Der Tak; M. H. D. van der Wiel; E. Van Dishoeck; C. Vastel; S. Viti; Valentine Wakelam; A. Walters; S. Wang; F. Wyrowski; H. W. Yorke; S. Yu; J. Zmuidzinas; Y. Delorme; J.-P. Desbat; R. Güsten; J.-M. Krieg; B. Delforge

HAL: hal-00633439, version 1

arXiv: 1007.1461

ADS Bibliographic id: 2010A&A...521L...9L

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201014959

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 521 (2010) L9

Herschel/HIFI discovery of interstellar chloronium (H2Cl+)

D. C. Lis ¹, J. C. Pearson ², D. A. Neufeld, P. Schilke ^3, 4, H. S. P. Müller, H. C. Gupta ⁵, T. A. Bell, C. Comito ⁴, T. G. Phillips ¹, E. A. Bergin ⁶, C. Ceccarelli ⁷, P. F. Goldsmith, G. A. Blake ⁸, A. Bacmann ^{7, 9, 10, 11, 12}, Alain Baudry ^{9, 10, 11, 12, 13}, M. Benedettini ⁷, A. Benz, J. Black ¹⁴, A. Boogert ⁷, S. Bottinelli ¹⁵, S. Cabrit ¹⁶, P. Caselli ^17, 18, 19, A. Castets ⁷, E. Caux ^20, 21, J. Cernicharo ²², C. Codella ⁷, A. Coutens ⁷, N. Crimier ⁷, N. R. Crockett, F. Daniel ^16, 22, 23, K. Demyk ⁷, C. Dominic, M.-L. Dubernet ¹⁶, M. Emprechtinger ²⁴, P. Encrenaz ¹⁶, E. Falgarone ²⁵, A. Fuente ⁷, M. Gerin ^16, 25, T. F. Giesen, J. R. Goicoechea ¹⁶, F. Helmich ⁷, P. Hennebelle ⁷, Th. Henning ²⁶, E. Herbst ^27, 28, P. Hily-Blant ⁷, Å. Hjalmarson ²⁹, D. Hollenbach, T. Jacq ^{9, 10, 11, 12}, C. Joblin ²⁰, D. Johnstone ³⁰, C. Kahane ⁷, M. Kama ⁷, M. Kaufman, A. Klotz ^15, 31, W. D. Langer, B. Larsson ⁷, J. Le Bourlot, B. Lefloch ⁷, F. Le Petit, D. Li ³², R. Liseau ², S. D. Lord, A. Lorenzani ³³, S. Maret ⁷, P. G. Martin ³⁴, G. J. Melnick ³⁵, K. M. Menten ³⁶, P. Morris ³⁷, J. A. Murphy, Z. Nagy ³⁸, B. Nisini ³⁹, V. Ossenkopf ^40, 41, S. Pacheco ⁷, L. Pagani ¹⁶, B. Parise ^15, 42, M. Pérault ¹⁶, R. Plume ⁴³, S.-L. Qin, E. Roueff ⁴⁰, M. Salez ⁷, A. Sandqvist ⁴⁴, P. Saraceno ⁴⁵, S. Schlemmer ³, K. Schuster ⁷, R. Snell, J. Stutzki ³, A. Tielens, N. Trappe ⁴⁶, F. F. S. Van Der Tak ^47, 48, M. H. D. van der Wiel, E. Van Dishoeck ⁴⁹, C. Vastel ^20, 21, S. Viti ⁷, Valentine Wakelam ^{9, 10, 11, 12}, A. Walters ⁷, S. Wang ⁵⁰, F. Wyrowski ³⁶, H. W. Yorke, S. Yu ⁵, J. Zmuidzinas ²⁴, Y. Delorme ¹⁶, J.-P. Desbat, R. Güsten ⁴, J.-M. Krieg ¹⁶, B. Delforge

(2010-10)

We report the first detection of chloronium, H2Cl+, in the interstellar medium, using the HIFI instrument aboard the Herschel Space Observatory. The 212-101 lines of ortho-H_235Cl+ and ortho-H_237Cl+ are detected in absorption towards NGC 6334I, and the 111-000 transition of para-H_235Cl+ is detected in absorption towards NGC 6334I and Sgr B2(S). The H2Cl+ column densities are compared to those of the chemically-related species HCl. The derived HCl/H2Cl+ column density ratios, ~1-10, are within the range predicted by models of diffuse and dense photon dominated regions (PDRs). However, the observed H2Cl+ column densities, in excess of 1013 cm-2, are significantly higher than the model predictions. Our observations demonstrate the outstanding spectroscopic capabilities of HIFI for detecting new interstellar molecules and providing key constraints for astrochemical models. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.Table 1 and acknowledgments (page 5) are only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

1:	California Institute of Technology

	California Institute of Technology

2:	foreign laboratories (FL)

	CERN

3:	Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany

	Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1

4:	Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

	Max Planck Inst Radioastronomy

5:	CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

	CALTECH Pasadena

6:	Department of Astronomy

	University of Michigan

7:	Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG)

	CNRS : UMR5571 – OSUG – INSU – Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I

8:	Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement (LOCIE)

	Université de Savoie – CNRS : FRE3220

9:	Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (LAB)

	CNRS : UMR5804 – INSU – Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I

10:	Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU)

	CNRS : UMS2567 – INSU – Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I

11:	Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1

	Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I

12:	Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB)

	CNRS : UMR5804 – INSU – Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I

13:	European Southern Observatory (ESO)

	ESO

14:	Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF)

	Indiana University

15:	Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR)

	CNRS : UMR5187 – Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées – INSU – Université Paul Sabatier [UPS] - Toulouse III

16:	Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA)

	CNRS : UMR8112 – INSU – Observatoire de Paris – Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI – Université de Cergy Pontoise – Ecole normale supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris

17:	Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (INAF)

	Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri

18:	Osservatorio di arcetri (INAF)

	INFN

19:	Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (INAF)

	INFN

20:	Univ Toulouse UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France

	Centre Etud Spatiale Rayonnements Toulouse

21:	CNRS INSU, UMR 5187, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

	UMR 5187 Toulouse

22:	Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Lab Astrofis Mol, Madrid 28850, Spain

	Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Lab Astrofis Mol, Madrid

23:	Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris 05, France

	Ecole Normale SuperieureParis

24:	CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys 301 17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

	CALTECH Cahill Ctr Astron & Astro

25:	Laboratoire de Radio Astronomie de l'ENS (LRA)

	CNRS : FRE2460 – Observatoire de Paris

26:	Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

	Max-Planck-Institut

27:	Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

	Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus

28:	Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron & Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

	Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron & Chem, Columbus

29:	Onsala Space Observatory

	Onsala Space Observatory

30:	Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7 Canada

	Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria

31:	Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP)

	CNRS : USR2207 – INSU – Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I

32:	Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMAP)

	CNRS : UMR5266 – Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I – Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)

33:	Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri

	INAF

34:	Laboratoire des Lois de Comportement du Combustible (LLCC)

	CEA : DEN/DEC/SESC/LLCC

35:	Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

	Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge

36:	Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR)

	Max-Planck-Institut

37:	CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

	CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena

38:	Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)

	INSERM : U964 – CNRS : UMR7104 – Université de Strasbourg

39:	Osservatorio di Astrofisica di Roma (OAR)

	INAF

40:	Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH)

	CNRS : UMR8102 – INSU – Observatoire de Paris – Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot

41:	Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands

	Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen

42:	Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements

	Aucune

43:	Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada

	Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary

44:	Stockholm Observatory

	Stockholm Observatory

45:	Interplanetary Space Physics Institute (IFSI) (IFSI-INAF)

	Interplanetary Space Physics Institute

46:	Laboratoire de Didactique André Revuz (LDAR)

	Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot : EA1547 – Université d'Artois

47:	Kapteyn Astronomical Institute

	Kapteyn Astronomical Institute

48:	Institute for Space Research Netherlands (SRON)

	SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

49:	Leiden Observatory (Leiden Observatory)

	Leiden University

50:	Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

	Université Michigan

Research team: FORMATION STELLAIRE 2010
AMOR 2010

Subject

Sciences of the Universe/Astrophysics/Galactic Astrophysics

Physics/Astrophysics/Galactic Astrophysics

Keyword(s): astrochemistry – line: identification – ISM: abundances – ISM: molecules – molecular processes – submillimetre: ISM

Fulltext link:

http://fr.arXiv.org/abs/1007.1461


hal-00633439, version 1
http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00633439
oai:hal.archives-ouvertes.fr:hal-00633439
From: Laurent Pagani <>
Submitted on: Tuesday, 18 October 2011 15:05:00
Updated on: Wednesday, 7 March 2012 09:27:34