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HAL: ird-00402391, version 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.045
IRD Horizon id: fdi:010048234
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The AMMA-CATCH Gourma observatory site in Mali : relating climatic variations to changes in vegetation, surface hydrology, fluxes and natural resources
Mougin E., Hiernaux P., Kergoat L., Grippa M., De Rosnay P., Timouk F., Le Dantec V., Demarez V., Lavenu F., Arjounin M. et al
Journal of Hydrology (2009) HYDROL 16662 - http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00402391
publication format: Article in peer-reviewed journal
subject: Life Sciences/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems
title: The AMMA-CATCH Gourma observatory site in Mali : relating climatic variations to changes in vegetation, surface hydrology, fluxes and natural resources
author(s): E. Mougin ( ) 1, Pierre Hiernaux 1, L. Kergoat () 1, Manuela Grippa () 1, Patricia De Rosnay 1, F. Timouk () 1, Valérie Le Dantec 1, Valérie Demarez 1, F. Lavenu 1, M. Arjounin 2, Thierry Lebel 2, N. Soumaguel 3, Eric Ceschia 1, Bernard Mougenot 1, F. Baup 1, F. Frappart () 1, P. L. Frison 4, J. Gardelle 1, Claire Gruhier () 1, Lionel Jarlan () 1, S. Mangiarotti 5, B. Sanou 1, Y. Tracol 6, Francoise Guichard () 7, Valérie Trichon () 8, L. Diarra 9, A. Soumare 9, M. Koité 10, F. Dembélé 11, C. Lloyd 12, N.P. Hanam 13, Claire Damesin 14, C. Delon () 15, Dominique Serça () 15, C. Galy-Lacaux () 15, J. Seghieri 16, Sylvia Becerra () 5, H. Dia 5, F. Gangneron 15, P. Mazzega 5
laboratory:
1:  Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO)
http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr
CNRS : UMR5126 – Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] – CNES – Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées – INSU – Université Paul Sabatier [UPS] - Toulouse III
bpi 2801 18 Av Edouard Belin 31401 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4
France
2:  Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE)
http://www.lthe.hmg.inpg.fr
CNRS : UMR5564 – OSUG – INSU – Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I – Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) – Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR012
ENSHMG - Domaine Universitaire 1023-1025 Rue de la piscine - BP 53 38041 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9
France
3:  IRD - Mali (IRD)
Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD]
B.P. 2528 Bamako
Mali
4:  Géomatériaux et géologie de l'ingénieur (GGI)
CNRS : FRE2455
IFI - Cité Descartes 5, boulevard Descartes 77454 MARNE LA VALLEE CEDEX 2
France
5:  Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG)
http://www.lmtg.obs-mip.fr/
CNRS : UMR5563 – Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées – Université Paul Sabatier [UPS] - Toulouse III – Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR154
14 avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse
France
6:  Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas
centro de Estudios
Casilla 599 Colina El Pino s/n La Serena Chili
Chile
7:  Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)
http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr
CNRS : URA1357 – INSU – Météo France
METEO FRANCE CNRM 42 Av Gaspard Coriolis 31057 TOULOUSE CEDEX 1
France
8:  Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab)
http://www.ecolab.ups-tlse.fr/
PRES Université de Toulouse – Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT – Université Paul Sabatier [UPS] - Toulouse III – Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées – CNRS : UMR5245
118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse
France
9:  Institut d'Economie Rurale - Mali (IER)
institut Economie
BP 258 rue Mohamed V Bamako
Mali
10:  Direction Nationale de la Météorologie
Direction Nationale de la Météorologie
Bamako, Mali
Mali
11:  Institut Polytechnique rural Mali
Institut Polytechnique rural
Katibougou
Mali
12:  Center for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH)
CEH
United Kingdom
13:  Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory
Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523
United States
14:  Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE)
http://www.ese.u-psud.fr/index.html
CNRS : UMR8079 – Université Paris XI - Paris Sud – Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural des Eaux et Forêts
bat. 362 91405 ORSAY CEDEX
France
15:  Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA)
http://www.aero.obs-mip.fr/
CNRS : UMR5560 – Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées – INSU – Université Paul Sabatier [UPS] - Toulouse III
14 avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse
France
16:  Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM)
http://www.msem.univ-montp2.fr/umrhydro.php3
CNRS : UMR5569 – Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] – Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques
Univ. Montpellier II - Case MSE Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5
France
abstract: The Gourma site in Mali is one of the 3 instrumented meso-scale sites deployed in West- Africa as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. Located both in the Sahelian zone sensu stricto, and in the Saharo-Sahelian transition zone, the Gourma meso-scale window is the northernmost site of the AMMA-CATCH observatory reached by the West-African monsoon. The experimental strategy includes deployment of a variety of instruments, from local to meso-scale, dedicated to monitoring and documentation of the major variables characterizing the climate forcing, and the spatio-temporal variability of surface processes and state variables such as vegetation mass, leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture and surface fluxes. This paper describes the Gourma site, its associated instrumental network and the research activities that have been carried out since 1984. In the AMMA project, emphasis is put on the relations between climate, vegetation and surface fluxes. However, the Gourma site is also important for development and validation of satellite products, mainly due to the existence of large and relatively homogeneous surfaces. The social dimension of the water resource uses and governance is also briefly analyzed, relying on field enquiry and interviews. The climate of the Gourma region is semi-arid, daytime air temperatures are always high and annual rainfall amounts exhibit strong inter-annual and seasonal variations. Measurements sites organized along a north-south transect reveal sharp gradients in surface albedo, net radiation, vegetation production, and distribution of plant functional types. However, at any point along the gradient, surface energy budget, soil moisture and vegetation growth contrast between two main types of soil surfaces and hydrologic systems. On the one hand, sandy soils with high water infiltration rates and limited run-off support almost continuous herbaceous vegetation with scattered woody plants. On the other hand, water infiltration is poor on shallow soils, and vegetation is sparse and discontinuous, whith more concentrated run-off that ends in pools or low-lands within structured endorheic watersheds. Land surface in the Gourma is characterized by rapid response to climate variability, strong intra-seasonal, seasonal and interannual variations in vegetation growth, soil moisture and energy balance. Despite the multi-decadal drought, which still persists, ponds and lakes have increased, the grass cover has largely recovered, and there are signs of increased tree cover at least in the low lands.
fulltext language: English
journal:
Journal of Hydrology
Publisher Elsevier
ISSN 0022-1694 
Audience: not specified
publication date: 2009
page, identifiant, ...: HYDROL 16662
keyword(s): Sahel – AMMA – Mali – Gourma – vegetation – rainfall – fluxes – long term monitoring – water resource.
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From: Dominique Bruel <>
Submitted on: Tuesday, 7 July 2009 11:59:26
Updated on: Tuesday, 7 July 2009 12:34:56