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An in situ experiment has been carried out inbioturbated Mediterranean coastal marine sediments (Gulfof Fos) in order to study the influence of hydrocarbons ondenitrification after 1, 4 and 6 months. In theabsence of hydrocarbons in the control sediments, the presenceof macrofauna stimulated denitrificationby 160%. This stimulation is induced by sediment reworkingthat favours both direct NO-3 supply fromthe water column and the penetration of O{2}, which in turnstimulated nitrification, the other source ofNO-3 in sediment. The presence of hydrocarbons in theexperimental sediments either stimulated orinhibited the denitrification. The denitrification response tothe presence of hydrocarbon is dependent onthe quantity of matter buried by the macrofauna activity. Insmall quantities, the organic matter relatedto hydrocarbons 120% enhanced the denitrification compared tothe controls. On the other hand, whenburied hydrocarbon concentrations were higher (>100 mgsaturated hydrocarbon fraction kg-1 drysediment), the denitrification was inhibited.On the basis of the results obtained, a descriptive model ofthe patterns of denitrification in relation to the presence ofmacrofauna and the distribution of hydrocarbons in sediments is proposed.
Room temperature reversible C-H activation mediated by a designed diphosphine platinum complex is presented. These findings are demonstrated through mechanistic studies involving kinetics, isotopic effects, and corroborated by DFT calculations. The coupling between two unactivated aromatic derivatives is also demonstrated.
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the developments in nuclear track methodology as published in the proceedings of the last ten meetings of the International Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids (ICNTS) from the Marburg (Germany) conference in 1990 to the Bologna (Italy) conference of 2008. Nuclear Tracks Methodology (NTM) examines the effects of the interaction between charged particles and solid materials and presents several desirable characteristics: the detectors can easily be cut into a size appropriate for any application and can be used in locations for which other radiation detectors are not suitable; the etching and reading instrumentation is relatively simple; there is a quasiinsensibility to gamma radiation for reasonable dose exposures (typically <1 kGy); after chemical etching the information recorded on the detector material is essentially permanent; and, finally, the system involves relatively low costs. These characteristics have contributed to the importance of NTM for radiation detection in an immense number of applications across a wide range of scientific and technological fields. This paper reviews the new ideas, topics, materials and applications related to NTM that have been presented over the past ten ICNTS meetings from 1990 to 2008, and analyzes the evolution of various topics. One could argue that the conferences themselves have been an important source of new ideas and applications for the nuclear track research community. Two important observations arise from this review. The first is that the contributions of the past ten international conferences can be conveniently classified into 12 categories. The second is that the number of papers published varied widely from conference to conference. Several factors contributed: the variation in the number of conference participants, the interests of local participants (who account for a disproportionate number of conference participants), the location of the conference, and the appearance of new international conferences devoted to topics similar to those covered by the ICNTS.
We present a mathematical study of the order book as a multidimensional continuous- time Markov chain where the order ow is modeled by independent Poisson processes. Our aim is to bridge the gap between the microscopic description of price formation (agent- based modeling), and the Stochastic Di erential Equations approach used classically to describe price evolution at macroscopic time scales. To do this, we rely on the theory of in nitesimal generators and Foster-Lyapunov stability criteria for Markov chains. We motivate our approach using an elementary example where the spread is kept constant (\perfect market making"). Then we compute the in nitesimal generator associated with the order book in a general setting, and link the price dynamics to the instantaneous state of the order book. In the last section, we prove that the order book is ergodic| in particular it has a stationary distribution|that it converges to its stationary state exponentially fast, and that the large-scale limit of the price process is a Brownian motion.
In this paper, we consider a discrete time economy where we assume that the short term interest rate follows a quadratic term structure of a regime switching asset process. The possible non-linear structure and the fact that the interest rate can have different economic or financial trends justify the interest of Regime Switching Quadratic Term Structure Model (RS-QTSM). Indeed, this regime switching process depends on the values of a Markov chain with a time dependent transition probability matrix which can well captures the different states (regimes) of the economy. We prove that under this modelling that the conditional zero coupon bond price admits also a quadratic term structure. Moreover, the stochastic coefficients which appear in this decomposition satisfy an explicit system of coupled stochastic backward recursions.
In this note, we cast a Hawkes process-based order book model into a markovian setting, and using techniques from the theory of Markov chains and stochastic stability [16], show that the order book is stable and leads to a di usive price limit at large time scales.
The use of ubiquitous computing devices like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has increased with an exponential growth in recent years, due its low-cost, portability, easy deployment, self-organization. Since WSNs are battery-powered devices, thus main challenge faced by designers is reduction of energy consumption in WSNs. This paper presents an effective implementation of Dynamic Power Manager (DPM) and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technics to increase the autonomy of wireless sensor node by reducing dynamic power dissipation. Simulation with the application of hazardous gas detection using Capnet-PE tool indicates significant energy-saving, which allows us to evaluate and validate our approach for WSN.
Robustness of Nonlinear Systems with Respect to Delay and Sampling of the Controls
This paper investigates the performance of 6 versions of Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) with restarts on a set of 28 noiseless optimization problems (including 23 multi-modal ones) designed for the special session on real-parameter optimization of CEC 2013. The experimental validation of the restart strategies shows that: i). the versions of CMA-ES with weighted active covariance matrix update outperform the original versions of CMA-ES, especially on ill-conditioned problems; ii). the original restart strategies with increasing population size (IPOP) are usually outperformed by the bi-population restart strategies where the initial mutation step-size is also varied; iii). the recently proposed alternative restart strategies for CMA-ES demonstrate a competitive performance and are ranked first w.r.t. the proportion of function-target pairs solved after the full run on all 10-, 30- and 50-dimensional problems.
Let $(X, \omega_X )$ be a compact Kähler manifold such that the anticanonical bundle $-K_X$ is nef. We prove that the slopes of the Harder-Narasimhan filtration of the tangent bundle with respect to a polarization of the form $\omega_X^{n-1}$ are semi-positive. As an application, we give a characterization of rationally connected compact Kähler manifolds with nef anticanonical bundles. As another application, we give a simple proof of the surjectivity of the Albanese map.
This paper is a review of the recent progresses on the branching brownian motion seen from its left-most particule. We describe in particular the recent works by Arguin-Bovier-Kistler and Aïdékon-Berestycki-Brunet-Shi. This is the text in french of a Bourbaki seminar given in March 2013.
We describe the points of diff erentiability of the multiplicative autocorrelation function of the "fractional part" function. In connection with this question, we study series involving the fi rst Bernoulli function, the arithmetical function "number of divisors", and the Gauss map from the theory of continued fractions. A key role is played by a function defi ned in 1933 by J. R. Wilton, similar to the Brjuno function of dynamical systems theory. A unifying theme of our exposition is the use of functional equations involving the Gauss map, allowing us to reprove and re fine a theorem of Wilton, la Bretèche and Tenenbaum.
The extreme characteristics of long wave run-up are studied in this paper. First we give a brief overview of the existing theory which is mainly based on the hodograph transformation (Carrier & Greenspan, 1958). Then, using numerical simulations, we build on the work of Stefanakis et al. (2011) for an infinite sloping beach and we find that resonant run-up amplification of monochromatic waves is robust to spectral perturbations of the incoming wave and resonant regimes do exist for certain values of the frequency. In the setting of a finite beach attached to a constant depth region, resonance can only be observed when the incoming wavelength is larger than the distance from the undisturbed shoreline to the seaward boundary. Wavefront steepness is also found to play a role in wave run-up, with steeper waves reaching higher run-up values.
We present in this paper a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling of the gliding arc behaviour of a dc plasma torch operating with air under low current and high voltage conditions. The low current leads to instabilities and difficulties with simulating the process because the magnetic field is not sufficient to constrict the arc. The model is 3D, time dependent and the MHD equations are solved using CFD software Code_Saturne®. Although the arc is definitively non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), the LTE assumption is considered as a first approach. The injection of air is tangential. A hot gas channel reattachment model has been used to simulate the restriking process of the arc root. After the description of the model, the most appropriate electrical voltage breakdown parameter has been selected in comparing with experimental results. A typical operating point is then studied in detail and shows the helical shape of the arc discharge in the nozzle. Finally, the mass flow rate and the current have been varied in the range 0.16-0.5 g s−1 and 100-300 mA, respectively, corresponding to typical glidarc operating points of our experimental plasma torch. The model shows good consistency with experimental data in terms of global behaviour, arc length, mean voltage and glidarc frequency.
The origin of the observed acceleration of the expansion of the universe is a major problem of modern cosmology and theoretical physics. Simple estimations of the contribution of vacuum to the density energy of the universe in quantum field theory are known to lead to catastrophic large values compared to observations. Such a contribution is therefore generally not regarded as a viable source for the acceleration of the expansion. In this letter we propose that the vacuum contribution actually provides a small positive value to the density energy of the universe. The underlying mechanism is a manifestation of the quantum nature of the gravitational field, through a Casimir-like effect from an additional compact dimension of space. A key ingredient is to assume that only modes with wavelength shorter than the Hubble length contribute to the vacuum. Such a contribution gives a positive energy density, has a Lorentz invariant equation of state in the usual 4D spacetime and hence can be interpreted as a cosmological constant. Its value agrees with observations for a radius of a 5th extra dimension given by $35\,\mu$m. This implies a modification of the gravitational inverse square law around this scale, close but below existing limits from experiments testing gravity at short range.
The Korba aquifer on the east coast of Cape Bon has been overexploited since the 1960s with a resultant reversal of the hydraulic gradient and a degradation of the quality due to seawater intrusion. In 2008, the authorities introduced integrated water resources planning based on a managed aquifer recharge with treated wastewater. Water quality monitoring was implemented in order to determine the different system components and trace the effectiveness of the artificial recharge. Groundwater samples taken from recharge control piezometers and surrounding farm wells were analyzed for their chemical contents, for their boron isotopes, a proven tracer of groundwater salinization and domestic sewage, and their carbamazepine content, an anti-epileptic known to pass through wastewater treatment and so recognized as a pertinent tracer of wastewater contamination. The system equilibrium was permanently disturbed by the different temporal dynamics of continuous processes such as cation exchange, and by threshold processes linked to oxidation-reductive conditions. The boron isotopic compositions significantly shifted back-and-forth due to mixing with end-members of various origins. Under the variable contribution of meteoric recharge, the Plio-Quaternary groundwater (δ11B of 35-40.6‰, a mean B concentration of 30 µmol/L, no carbamazepine, n=7) was subject to seawater intrusion that induced a high δ11B level (δ11B of 41.5-48.0‰, a mean B concentration of 36 µmol/L, and n=8). Fresh groundwater (δ11B of 19.89‰, B concentration of 2.8 µmol/L, no carbamazepine) was detected close to the recharge site and may represent the deep Miocene pole which feeds the upper Plio-Quaternary aquifer. The managed recharge water (δ11B of 10.67-13.8‰, n=3) was brackish and of poor quality with a carbamazepine content showing a large short term variability with an average daily levels of 328 ± 61 ng/L. A few piezometers in the vicinity of the recharge site gradually acquired a B isotopic composition close to the wastewater signature and showed an increasing carbamazepine content (from 20 to 910 ng/L). The combination of boron isotopic signatures with boron and carbamazepine contents is a useful tool to assess sources and mixing of treated wastewaters in groundwaters. Effluent quality needs to be greatly improved before injection to prevent further degradation of groundwater quality.
The extreme characteristics of long wave run-up are studied in this paper. First we give a brief overview of the existing theory which is mainly based on the hodograph transformation (Carrier & Greenspan, 1958). Then, using numerical simulations, we build on the work of Stefanakis et al. (2011) for an infinite sloping beach and we find that resonant run-up amplification of monochromatic waves is robust to spectral perturbations of the incoming wave and resonant regimes do exist for certain values of the frequency. In the setting of a finite beach attached to a constant depth region, resonance can only be observed when the incoming wavelength is larger than the distance from the undisturbed shoreline to the seaward boundary. Wavefront steepness is also found to play a role in wave run-up, with steeper waves reaching higher run-up values.
About 80% and more than 90% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the bottom water of Lake Pavin were isolated, respectively, on Amberlite XAD and Spherodex DEAE resins. Trace element concentrations in the fractions isolated were analyzed by using ICP-MS. Uranium, molybdenum, and antimony were found to be about 40% associated with fulvic and hydrophilic acids adsorbed on XAD resins at pH 2, the metal-organic association being not dissociated. Much higher percentages of the same elements, plus vanadium, were adsorbed on the DEAE resin at the pH of natural water, possibly because of the better preservation of acid labile organic complexes or of the supplementary adsorption of inorganic compounds. Ultrafiltration and dialysis made it possible to exclude colloidal fractions together with much U (78%), Mo (80%), V (55%), and DOC (65%). These elements and many others (including barium) were previously found to be quite reactive at the bottom of the lake, (apparently being scavenged by settling particles, which are mostly diatoms, then dissolved at the sediment-water interface). Conversely, trace elements with a conservative behavior in the bottom layer (such as lithium and cesium) were not found associated with dissolved organic mater (DOM). Barium was not strongly associated with the extractable DOM, which may argue for a direct interaction with inorganic particles or the existence of very labile complexes. Our work suggests the existence of relatively stable (nonacid labile) U and Mo-DOM colloidal associations in the anoxic bottom waters of the lake and their importance in the scavenging of those metals.
The extreme characteristics of long wave run-up are studied in this paper. First we give a brief overview of the existing theory which is mainly based on the hodograph transformation (Carrier & Greenspan, 1958). Then, using numerical simulations, we build on the work of Stefanakis et al. (2011) for an infinite sloping beach and we find that resonant run-up amplification of monochromatic waves is robust to spectral perturbations of the incoming wave and resonant regimes do exist for certain values of the frequency. In the setting of a finite beach attached to a constant depth region, resonance can only be observed when the incoming wavelength is larger than the distance from the undisturbed shoreline to the seaward boundary. Wavefront steepness is also found to play a role in wave run-up, with steeper waves reaching higher run-up values.
The water wave theory traditionally assumes the fluid to be perfect, thus neglecting all effects of the viscosity. However, the explanation of several experimental data sets requires the explicit inclusion of dissipative effects. In order to meet these practical problems, the theory of visco-potential flows has been developed (see P.-F. Liu & A. Orfila (2004) and D. Dutykh & F. Dias (2007)). Then, usually this formulation is further simplified by developing the potential in an entire series in the vertical coordinate and by introducing thus, the long wave approximation. In the present study we propose a derivation of dissipative Boussinesq equations which is based on asymptotic expansions of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (D2N) operator. Both employed methods yield the same system by different ways.
We present a laboratory study on the instability of internal wave attractors in a trapezoidal fluid domain filled with uniformly stratified fluid. Energy is injected into the system via standing-wave-type motion of a vertical wall. Attractors are found to be destroyed by parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) via a triadic resonance which is shown to provide a very efficient energy pathway from long to short length scales. This study provides an explanation why attractors may be difficult or impossible to observe in natural systems subject to large amplitude forcing.
The charisma of the leader is conveyed through multiple aspects: his ideas and vision and his perceivable verbal and non verbal behaviors. Among these perceivable behaviors there are the acoustic characteristics of speech. We present here a study on the perception of charisma in political speech. We collected speech statements with different illocutionary value taken from two speeches given by Umberto Bossi, the leader of an Italian party, before and after a stroke which caused him a voice disorder. Stimuli from the two condition differed significantly in the acoustic-prosodic features. In the first part of the study 40 French listeners rated normal speech stimuli (20 pre- and 20 post-stroke) and in the second part 22 French (11 pre- and 11 post-stroke) and 31 Italians (15 pre- and 16 post-stroke) rated the de-lexicalized version of the same stimuli. Results for the first part of the study show that pitch contour in Bossi's pre-stroke speech positively influence the perception of his speech as charismatic, as opposed to those some years after the stroke. Results for the de-lexicalized speech confirm for French listeners our hypothesis of the influence of the pitch contour in Bossi's charisma perception but they are controversial for Italian participants that seem to perceive Bossi as more charismatic in the post-stroke condition.
DBpedia knowledge base has been built from data extracted from Wikipedia. However, many existing relations among resources in DBpedia are missing links among articles from Wikipedia. In some cases, adding these links into Wikipedia will enrich Wikipedia content and therefore will enable bet- ter navigation. In previous work, we proposed PIA algorithm that predicts the best link to connect two articles in Wikipedia corresponding to those related by a semantic property in DB- pedia and respecting the Wikipedia convention. PIA calcu- lates this link as a path query. After introducing PIA results in Wikipedia, most of them were accepted by the Wikipedia community. However, some were rejected because PIA pre- dicts path queries that are too general. In this paper, we report the BlueFinder collaborative filtering algorithm that fixes PIA miscalculation. It is sensible to the specificity of the resource types. According to the conducted experimentation we found out that BlueFinder is a better solution than PIA because it solves more cases with a better recall.
This paper studies strategies for collision avoidance between two persons walking along crossing trajectories. It has been previously demonstrated that walkers are able to anticipate the risk of future collision and to react accordingly. The avoidance task has been described as a mutual control of the future distance of closest approach, MPD (i.e., Mininum Predicted Distance). In this paper, we studied the role of each walker in the task of controlling MPD. A specific question was: does the walker giving way (2nd at the crossing) and the one passing first set similar and coordinated strategies? To answer this question, we inspected the effect of motion adaptations on the future distance of closest approach. This analysis is relevant in the case of collision avoidance because subtle anticipatory behaviors or large last moment adaptations can finally yield the same result upon the final crossing distance. Results showed that collision avoidance is performed collaboratively and the crossing order impacts both the contribution and the strategies used: the participant giving way contributes more than the one passing first to avoid the collision. Both walkers reorient their path but the participant giving way also adapts his speed. Future work is planned to investigate the influence of crossing angle and TTC on adaptations as well as new types of interactions, such as intercepting or meeting tasks.
The Korba aquifer on the east coast of Cape Bon has been overexploited since the 1960s with a resultant reversal of the hydraulic gradient and a degradation of the quality due to seawater intrusion. In 2008, the authorities introduced integrated water resources planning based on a managed aquifer recharge with treated wastewater. Water quality monitoring was implemented in order to determine the different system components and trace the effectiveness of the artificial recharge. Groundwater samples taken from recharge control piezometers and surrounding farm wells were analyzed for their chemical contents, for their boron isotopes, a proven tracer of groundwater salinization and domestic sewage, and their carbamazepine content, an anti-epileptic known to pass through wastewater treatment and so recognized as a pertinent tracer of wastewater contamination. The system equilibrium was permanently disturbed by the different temporal dynamics of continuous processes such as cation exchange, and by threshold processes linked to oxidation-reductive conditions. The boron isotopic compositions significantly shifted back-and-forth due to mixing with end-members of various origins. Under the variable contribution of meteoric recharge, the Plio-Quaternary groundwater (δ11B of 35-40.6‰, a mean B concentration of 30 µmol/L, no carbamazepine, n=7) was subject to seawater intrusion that induced a high δ11B level (δ11B of 41.5-48.0‰, a mean B concentration of 36 µmol/L, and n=8). Fresh groundwater (δ11B of 19.89‰, B concentration of 2.8 µmol/L, no carbamazepine) was detected close to the recharge site and may represent the deep Miocene pole which feeds the upper Plio-Quaternary aquifer. The managed recharge water (δ11B of 10.67-13.8‰, n=3) was brackish and of poor quality with a carbamazepine content showing a large short term variability with an average daily levels of 328 ± 61 ng/L. A few piezometers in the vicinity of the recharge site gradually acquired a B isotopic composition close to the wastewater signature and showed an increasing carbamazepine content (from 20 to 910 ng/L). The combination of boron isotopic signatures with boron and carbamazepine contents is a useful tool to assess sources and mixing of treated wastewaters in groundwaters. Effluent quality needs to be greatly improved before injection to prevent further degradation of groundwater quality.
The extreme characteristics of long wave run-up are studied in this paper. First we give a brief overview of the existing theory which is mainly based on the hodograph transformation (Carrier & Greenspan, 1958). Then, using numerical simulations, we build on the work of Stefanakis et al. (2011) for an infinite sloping beach and we find that resonant run-up amplification of monochromatic waves is robust to spectral perturbations of the incoming wave and resonant regimes do exist for certain values of the frequency. In the setting of a finite beach attached to a constant depth region, resonance can only be observed when the incoming wavelength is larger than the distance from the undisturbed shoreline to the seaward boundary. Wavefront steepness is also found to play a role in wave run-up, with steeper waves reaching higher run-up values.
A high-resolution sedimentological and geochemical study of a high-altitude proglacial lake (Lake Blanc, Aiguilles Rouges, 2352m a.s.l.) revealed 195 turbidites, 190 of which are related to flood events over the last 1400 years. We used the coarsest sediment fraction of each turbidite as a proxy for the intensity of each flood event. Because most flood events at this locality are triggered by localized summer convective precipitation events, the reconstructed sedimentary record reveals changes in the frequency and intensity of such events over the last millennium. Comparisons with other temperature, palaeohydrological and glacier reconstructions in the region suggest that the most intense events occurred during the warmest periods, i.e. during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (AD 800-1300) and the current period of global warming. On a multi-decadal time scale, almost all the flood frequency peaks seem to correspond to warmer periods, whereas multi-centennial variations in flood frequency appear to follow the regional precipitation pattern. Consequently, this new Alpine flood record provides further evidence of a link between climate warming and an increase in the frequency and intensity of flooding on a multidecadal time scale, whereas the centennial variability in flood frequencies is related to regional precipitation patterns.
Cet article examine les pratiques patrimoniales développées autour de la Mahdiyya soudanaise (1881-1898) durant le Condominium anglo-égyptien (1899-1956). Tout en tenant compte de l'évolution sémantique des concepts de patrimoine et de turâth, il vise à montrer que cette période controversée de l'histoire soudanaise fut l'enjeu de processus de patrimonialisation, de dé-patrimonialisation et de contre-patrimonialisation déclenchés par des acteurs aux intérêts politiques et idéologiques très divergents : les néo-Mahdistes, qui avaient pour objectif l'accession du Soudan à une indépendance totale ; les Unionistes, qui préconisaient l'union politique du Soudan avec l'Egypte ; et les administrateurs britanniques, pour qui l'établissement d'un système colonial effectif impliquait l'anéantissement matériel et symbolique du régime mahdiste. L'analyse est notamment consacrée à la Mahdiyya en tant qu'objet oscillant entre patrimoine national et héritage familial, ceci à travers la figure de proue du mouvement néo-mahdiste, Sayyid 'Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdî (1885-1959). Outre diverses modalités de patrimonialisation sociales et intellectuelles mises en œuvre du côté néo-mahdiste, l'article met en évidence les efforts britanniques de dé-patrimonisalisation de la Mahdiyya ainsi que l'élaboration d'un contre-modèle patrimonial fondé sur la sacralisation mémorielle du général Charles George Gordon (1833-1885). Enfin, les tentatives des Unionistes visant à contrecarrer la patrimonialisation nationale de la Mahdiyya mettent en relief le fossé politique, idéologique et religieux séparant les deux principales tendances du nationalisme soudanais à l'époque du Condominium, qui trouvent leur expression dans les célèbres slogans "Le Soudan aux Soudanais" et "L'unité de la vallée du Nil".
In the history of the occidental and central dialects of Basque, the verbal periphrases composed by the verbal stem / or the participle and the auxiliaries *edin, *ezan, egin have undergone a change in the form of their principal verb. Until now, the bascologists have presented this modification as the generalization of the use of the participle within these three periphrases. Anyway, the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th century texts' data seem to show different tendencies depending on the auxiliaries and the periods. The periphrasis based on the auxiliaries *edin and *ezan have generalized the use of the participle at different times, and the egin auxiliary based one seems to have always principally employed the participle as its lexical verb. Thus, these data give us good evidence for proposing that these three periphrases appeared and grammaticalized on the base of two different structures : (i) verbal stem + auxiliary (periphrases with the auxiliaries *edin and *ezan), (ii) participle + auxiliary (periphrasis with the auxiliary egin).
That article presents three texts of the same poem written by Pierre Topet-Etxahun. The first belongs to the assizes case file as a proof of the responsibility of the poet (1827) ; the second (1833) is taken on by Etxahun himself ; the third dated from 1842 shows how that poem turned out in the first step of the popular transmission we know. The different variants between the three texts make the trama of that study.
The use of ubiquitous computing devices like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has increased with an exponential growth in recent years, due its low-cost, portability, easy deployment, self-organization. Since WSNs are battery-powered devices, thus main challenge faced by designers is reduction of energy consumption in WSNs. This paper presents an effective implementation of Dynamic Power Manager (DPM) and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technics to increase the autonomy of wireless sensor node by reducing dynamic power dissipation. Simulation with the application of hazardous gas detection using Capnet-PE tool indicates significant energy-saving, which allows us to evaluate and validate our approach for WSN.
The neurological damage after cardiac arrest (CA) constitutes a big challenge of hospital discharge since years. The therapeutic hypothermia therapy (34°C-32°C) has shown its benefit to reduce cerebral oxygen demand and improve neurological outcomes after the cardiac arrest. Despite the fact that induced hypothermia after CA has been shown to increase the hospital survival rate, it can have many adverse effects, among which the cardiac arrhythmia generation represents an important part (up to 34%, according different clinical studies). Compared to studies in vivo, cardiac culture in vitro provides a better spatial resolution at cellular level, which could bring some insights of the mechanism of post-hypothermia arrhythmia (PHA) generation
From a point view of nonlinear dynamics, the electrical activity of the heart is a complex dynamical system, whose dynamics reflects the actual state of health of the heart. Nonlinear signal-processing methods are needed in order to accurately characterize these signals and improve understanding of cardiac arrhythmias. Recent developments on reconstructible signals and multiscale information content show that an analysis in terms of singularity exponents provides compact and meaningful descriptors of the structure and dynamics of the system. Such approach gives a compact representation atrial arrhythmic dynamics, which can sharply highlight regime transitions and arrhythmogenic areas.
Metastatic bone disease is a serious clinical complication for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer, but few therapeutic options are currently available. Bisphosphonates are an established standard care for these patients, but new treatments are now emerging, including the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the RANK ligand. In this issue of the BJP, Reuter et al. provide evidence that thiocolchicoside, a semi-synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring colchicoside, extracted from the seeds of Gloriosa superba (Liliaceae), prevented osteoclactogenesis by suppressing RANK ligand-mediated NF-κB activation. Thiolcolchicoside may thus represent an attractive therapeutic option for the management of bone metastatic disease.
Context: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults in Europe. Reducing suicides is therefore a key public health target. Previous studies have shown associations between suicidal behaviors, depression and family factors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of family factors in depression and suicidality in a large community-based sample of adolescents and to explore specific contributions (e.g. mother vs. father; conflict vs. no conflict; separation vs. no separation) taking into account other risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of adolescents aged 17 years was recruited in 2008. 36,757 French adolescents (18,593 girls and 18,164 boys) completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, drug use, family variables, suicidal ideations and attempts. Current depression was assessed with the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS). Adolescents were divided into 4 groups according to suicide risk severity (grade 1 = depressed without suicidal ideation and without suicide attempts, grade 2 = depressed with suicidal ideations and grade 3 = depressed with suicide attempts; grade 0 = control group). Multivariate regressions were applied to assess the Odds Ratio of potential risk factors comparing grade 1, 2 or 3 risk with grade 0. RESULTS: 7.5% of adolescents (10.4% among girls vs. 4.5% among boys) had ADRS scores compatible with depression; 16.2% reported suicidal ideations in the past 12 months and 8.2% reported lifetime suicide attempts. Repeating a year in school was significantly associated to severity grade of suicide risk (1 and 3), as well as all substance use, tobacco use (severity grades 2 and 3) and marijuana use (severity grade 3), for girls and boys. After adjustment, negative relationships with either or both parents, and parents living together but with a negative relationship were significantly associated with suicide risk and/or depression in both genders (all risk grades), and Odds Ratios increased according to risk severity grade. CONCLUSION: Family discord and negative relationship with parents were associated with an increased suicide risk in depressed adolescents. So it appears essential to take intrafamilial relationships into account in depressed adolescents to prevent suicidal behaviours.
Norine is the first database entirely dedicated to nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). In bacteria and fungi, in addition to the traditional ribosomal proteic biosynthesis, an alternative ribosome-independent pathway called NRP synthesis allows peptide production. It is performed by huge protein complexes called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The molecules synthesized by NRPS contain a high proportion of nonproteogenic amino acids. The primary structure of these peptides is not always linear but often more complex and may contain cycles and branchings. In recent years, NRPs attracted a lot of attention because of their biological activities and pharmacological properties (antibiotic, immunosuppressor, antitumor, etc.). However, few computational resources and tools dedicated to those peptides have been available so far. Norine is focused on NRPs and contains more than 700 entries. The database is freely accessible at http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/norine/. It provides a complete computational tool for systematic study of NRPs in numerous species, and as such, should permit to obtain a better knowledge of these metabolic products and underlying biological mechanisms, and ultimately to contribute to the redesigning of natural products in order to obtain new bioactive compounds for drug discovery.
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Consulter le ManuHAL Les fichiers textes au format pdf ou les fichiers images composant votre dépôt sont maintenant envoyés au CINES dans un contexte d'archivage à long terme.
À l'attention des lecteurs
Dans un contexte de diffusion électronique, tout auteur conserve ses droits intellectuels, notamment le fait de devoir être correctement cité et reconnu comme l'auteur d'un document.
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La convention de partenariat en faveur des archives ouvertes et de la plateforme mutualisée HAL a été signée le 2 avril 2013 :
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