PreCEE (Pregnancy and Combined Environmental Exposure), a research program in two middle-sized cities - Part 2, Results and discussion

Frédéric Mauny (1, 2) , Alice Brembilla (2, 1) , Sophie Pujol (1, 2) , Paul Sagot (3) , Didier Riethmuller (4) , Gérard Thiriez (5) , Hélène Houot (6) , Anne-Sophie Mariet (7, 8) , Alice Barba-Vasseur , Jérôme Defrance (9) , Vinh-Phuc Luu (10) , Eric Benzenine (7) , Catherine Quantin (7, 11) , Nadine Bernard (2, 12)

1 Inserm CIC 1431 - Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon
2 LCE - Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249)
3 Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Médecine Foetale et Stérilité Conjugale - Chirurgie Gynécologie et Oncologique [CHU de Dijon]
4 CEF2P / CARCINO - Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (UR 3181)
5 CHRU Besançon - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon
6 ThéMA - Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049)
7 CHU Dijon - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand
8 DIM - Service Biostatistiques et Informatique Médicale (CHU de Dijon)
9 CSTB - Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment
10 LNC - Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231]
11 CIC-P803 - Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1432 (Dijon) - Module Plurithématique : Périnatalité Cancérologie Handicap et Ophtalmologie
12 UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]

Data from nearly 11000 deliveries that occurred between 2005 and 2009 at the Besançon or Dijon (France) were collected during the PreCEE program, including medical, obstetrical, socio-economic and environmental conditions (noise, air pollution, proximity to green spaces). Several approaches were conducted to investigate the relationships between the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and the urban environment of two middle-sized cities, and to estimate the potential modulation of vulnerability on the impact of noise or air pollution during pregnancy. The mean NO₂ level ranged between 24 and 25 μg/m³ and the mean L_night ranged between 51 and 52 dB(A). The correlation between noise and NO₂ indices ranged from 0.41 to 0.59. The accumulation of 15 vulnerability markers regrouped in six dimensions (maternal age, smoking, body mass index, socio-economic, medico-obstetrical and environmental vulnerabilities) was analysed in comparison with four APO. Among the 3686 women included in this approach, 21% were not exposed to any marker and 19% accumulated three or more markers among the six dimensions. The risk of APO increased significantly with the cumulative number of vulnerabilities. Secondly, two case-control studies were conducted on preterm delivery on single pregnancies. First, only pregnancies without any associated comorbidities were considered (N=1511). No significant differences in pollutant exposure levels were found between cases and controls in this study. The second study was focused on pregnancies with associated comorbidities (N=2503). The OR associated with NO₂>40μg.m^-3 was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.61-1.13) and the OR associated with L_night&_geq;55dB(A) was 1.23 (95%CI: 0.97-1.56). A strong and monotonic association between the cumulative number of comorbidities during pregnancy and preterm delivery was also identified. Low levels of air pollution do not seem to affect preterm delivery. However, moderate noise exposure could potentially affect pregnancy when associated with vulnerability factors.

Mots clés: environmental noise and exposure; air pollution; adverse pregnancy outcome; preterm delivery

Domaines: Acoustique [physics.class-ph]; Vibrations [physics.class-ph]

Frédéric Mauny, Alice Brembilla, Sophie Pujol, Paul Sagot, Didier Riethmuller, et al.. PreCEE (Pregnancy and Combined Environmental Exposure), a research program in two middle-sized cities - Part 2, Results and discussion. Forum Acusticum, Dec 2020, Lyon, France. pp.3353-3355, ⟨10.48465/fa.2020.1107⟩. ⟨hal-03233779⟩