Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Damien Costa (1) , Romy Razakandrainibe (2) , Marc Sautour (3) , Stéphane Valot (4) , Louise Basmaciyan (5) , Gilles Gargala (6) , Loïc Favennec (7) , Frédéric Dalle , Anne Debourgogne (8, 9) , Adela Angoulvant (10) , Patrice Agnamey (11) , Julie Bonhomme (12) , Brigitte Degeilh (13) , Cathy Chemla (14) , Cécile Garnaud (15) , Coralie Lollivier (16) , Cécile Angebault (17) , Pascal Delaunay (18) , Guillaume Desoubeaux (19) , Emilie Frealle (20) , Frédéric Grenouillet (21) , Florent Morio (22) , Françoise Botterel (23) , Ghania Belkadi (16) , Hélène Yera (24) , Gilles Nevez (25) , Xavier Iriart (26) , Isabelle Accoceberry (27) , Julie Brunet (28) , Marc Thellier (29) , Denis Lemeteil (1) , Meja Rabodonirina (30) , Milène Sasso (31) , Charline Miossec (32) , Murielle Nicolas (16) , Nicole Desbois (33) , Philippe Poirier (34) , Christelle Pomares (5) , Sandrine Houzé (35) , Yohann Le Govic (16) , Anne Pauline Bellanger (36) , Franck Labbe (16) , Marie Laure Dardé (37) , Olivier Duquesnoy (16) , Pierre Flori (38) , Patrick Bastien (31) , Thomas Gueudet (39) , Isabelle Villena (40) , Dominique Aubert (6, 14) , Estelle Cateau (41) , Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux (42) , Nathalie Kapel (43) , Eric Dannaoui , Alexis Valentin (44) , Anne Totet (45) , Jean Menotti (46) , Denis Blanchet (47) , Magalie Pierre Demar (47) , Emmanuel Dutoit (16) , Renaud Piarroux (48) , Emilie Sitterlé (49) , Denis Magne (50) , Samsa Hamane (16) , Antoine Berry (51) , Cecile Ramade (16)

1 CHU Rouen
2 Institut Pasteur de Madagascar
3 CHU Dijon - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand
4 Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon)
5 IP-TPT - Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques
6 ESCAPE - Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle
7 ADEN - Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition
8 Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy]
9 SIMPA - Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes
10 Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network
11 AGIR - Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294
12 UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie
13 UR - Université de Rennes
14 Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré [Reims]
15 UGA UFRP - Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie
16 Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network
17 UPD5 - Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5
18 Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie
19 CHRU Tours - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours
20 Institut Pasteur de Dakar
21 LCE - Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249)
22 CHU Nantes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes
23 ENVA - École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
24 Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin]
25 LUBEM - Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne
26 CHU Bordeaux
27 MFP - Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité
28 Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène
29 Immunité et Infection
30 Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie
31 MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE - Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes
32 Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Sérologies Bactériennes et Parasitaires [CHU de la Martinique]
33 Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France
34 LMGE - Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement
35 Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard
36 Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon]
37 NET - Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale
38 GIMAP - Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes
39 CHU Clermont-Ferrand
40 LPM - Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie
41 EBI [Poitiers] - Écologie et biologie des interactions
42 Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]
43 CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
44 UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
45 Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology
46 Service de réanimation médicale
47 Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie
48 Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2
49 Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie
50 AP-HP - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)
51 Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse]

Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.

Mots clés: Cryptosporidiosis; Immunocompromised; Protozoan; Epidemiology; France

Domaines: Mycologie; Parasitologie

Damien Costa, Romy Razakandrainibe, Marc Sautour, Stéphane Valot, Louise Basmaciyan, et al.. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017). Experimental Parasitology, 2018, 192, pp.108-112. ⟨10.1016/j.exppara.2018.08.001⟩. ⟨hal-02902544⟩