Differentiated Neogene bauxitization of volcanic rocks (Western Cameroon): Morpho-geological constraints on chemical erosion

Mathieu Nouazi Momo (1) , Anicet Beauvais (2, 3, 4) , Paul Tematio (5) , Martin Yemefack (6)

1 IRGM - Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières
2 AMU - Aix Marseille Université
3 CEREGE - Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement
4 IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
5 Department of Earth Science (Dschang, Cameroun)
6 IITA-DRC - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

Lateritic weathering of Miocene volcanic rocks from western Cameroon highlands formed duricrusted bauxitic profiles. Two weathering profiles on ca. 14 Ma basalt and ca. 16 Ma trachyte were studied using geochemical mass balance functions. Less mobile elements Ti and Zr were used as references to quantify volumetric change (strain, ε), element transfer rate (τ) and geochemical mass transfers during the bauxitization process of basalt and trachyte. Conversion of parent rocks to kaolinite and goethite rich saprolites evolved to Al-Fe rich bauxites, mostly composed of gibbsite and iron oxy-hydroxides (goethite and hematite). However, formation of Al-Fe bauxitic profiles required higher Si leaching on trachyte than on basalt. Our results document that chemical weathering of a larger thickness of trachyte than basalt has been required to form a unit meter of weathering profile, implying differential rates of rock chemical erosion and topographic decay of landscapes. Rates of chemical erosion and formation of lateritic weathering profiles in western Cameroon have been mostly controlled by drainage conditions and volcanic rocks composition (mostly SiO2 content differences), that also resulted in contrasted landscapes evolution during the Neogene.

Mots clés: bauxite; lateritic weathering; Cameroon; chemical erosion; geochemical mass balance; volcanic rocks

Domaines: Sciences de la Terre; Géochimie

Mathieu Nouazi Momo, Anicet Beauvais, Paul Tematio, Martin Yemefack. Differentiated Neogene bauxitization of volcanic rocks (Western Cameroon): Morpho-geological constraints on chemical erosion. CATENA, 2020, 194 (104685), pp.1-13. ⟨10.1016/j.catena.2020.104685⟩. ⟨hal-02617017⟩