Physicochemical Properties and Water Quality Index of Groundwater of Selected Wells in Najaf City Southern Iraq
Résumé
The area which located along the road area between the cities of Najaf and Karbala areas are very
important from hydrogeological used towards the groundwater reservoir which called Dibdibba formation. The
reveal part of this sandy formation allows for replenishing and keeping its water by the rainwater penetration
and surface flood. Groundwater movement flows through the reservoir from the West to the East and Southeast
direction, so, it is unconfined aquifer which means the top surface (water table) is open for permeable materials.
This area between the two cities invested for decades due to its importance in addition to the hydrogeological
feature of the water reservoirs and hydraulic specifications. Many groundwater wells were drilled in this area
to use this water resource for many purposes of farming in particular. There are many water wells in this
infiltrated water reservoir upper region represented by the composition Dibdibba formation have been exploited
as a sandstone fan or fan-shaped (alluvial fans) according to its sedimentary environment. This water-based
reservoir in part on natural nutrition where the rains start this reservoir depletion of stocks over exploited of
water in addition to the low levels of nutrition and natural reservoir groundwater and the exposure portion of
the formation Dibdibba Sandy helped to renew and sustain its groundwater during the penetration of rainwater
and surface water. This water-based reservoir in part on natural nutrition rain then this stock began gradually
decreasing and downward due to over exploitation of water in addition to low natural nutrition levels of the
groundwater reservoir. Groundwater quality in this reservoir characterized to be higher concentrated with
dissolved salts. The results of Water quality index (Wqi) values display that the groundwater of present study
location predicted to be severely contaminated and non-suitable for drinking usage at all sites of the wells.