Persistent Organic Pollutants in a marine bivalve on the Marennes-Oléron Bay and the Gironde Estuary (French Atlantic coast) -Part 1: Bioaccumulation

Andrea Luna Acosta (1, 2) , Hélène Budzinski (3, 4) , Karine Le Menach (3, 4) , Hélène Thomas-Guyon (2) , Paco Bustamante (2)

1 PUJ - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
2 LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés
3 UB - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1
4 EPOC - Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques

The aim of this study was to determine 1) the relevance of using the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas as a sentinel organism, at a juvenile stage, for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and persistent organic pollutant (polychlorobiphenyls, PCBs, polybromodimethylethers, PBDEs, and organochlorine pesticides, OCPs) contamination, 2) the potential levels of chemical organic contamination in the Marennes-Oleron Bay, and their potential sources 3) the potential influence of physiological or environmental factors on contaminant body burdens in oysters. To this end, juvenile oysters purchased from a oyster hatchery were transplanted to a reference site, in Bouin, and to different transplantation sites in the Marennes-Oléron Bay, the first oyster production area in France, and in the Gironde Estuary, the biggest estuary in Occidental Europe. Transplantations were done during summer and winter. Whole oyster soft tissues from each site were analyzed for PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs. Results obtained with a transplantation period of 3 months suggest that the C. gigas, at the juvenile stage, is a relevant sentinel organism for short-term contamination for these contaminants. In addition, no significant effects of physiological factors on contaminant body burdens were observed. A principal component analysis performed with chemical body burdens allowed them to be separated into three groups: 1) the reference site, 2) Les Palles (LP) and Boyard (BOY) in winter and 3) all the other sites. The group of LP and BOY was clearly defined by the levels of PAHs and OCPs, suggesting higher levels of contamination of these chemical compounds on these sites, potentially due to local contamination sources. In addition, no relevant effects of physiological or environmental factors on contaminant body burdens were observed. Results suggest also a predominance of contaminants related to agricultural activities along the Marennes-Oléron Bay, and therefore, further studies on the presence of pesticides in this region should be considered.

Mots clés: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Persistent organic pollutants; Bivalve; Bioaccumulation; Active biomonitoring

Domaines: Ecotoxicologie

Andrea Luna Acosta, Hélène Budzinski, Karine Le Menach, Hélène Thomas-Guyon, Paco Bustamante. Persistent Organic Pollutants in a marine bivalve on the Marennes-Oléron Bay and the Gironde Estuary (French Atlantic coast) -Part 1: Bioaccumulation. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 514, pp.500-510. ⟨hal-01223659⟩