Development of an accelerated test of fungal biodeterioration. Application to calcium aluminate cements
Résumé
Microorganisms, such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, and lichens, are liable to grow on building materials. Biological activity contributes to deterioration of building material. Fungi are among the most harmful organisms associated to biodeterioration of organic and inorganic materials. Cement-based materials are porous and contain organic admixtures. Thus they possess significant bioreceptivity. The objectives of the study were firstly to develop a methodology and an accelerated test in order to evaluate the bioreceptivity of cement-based materials to fungal colonization and secondly to evaluate the ability to resist of Calcium Aluminate Cements compared to that of Portland Cements. Three specific fungi (Aspergillus niger, Coniosporium uncinatum and Alternaria alternata), often identified on monuments or degraded buildings, were tested. The biocolonization of mortar samples was evaluated by quantifying the amount of ergosterol which is a predominant and endogenous sterol met only in the cell membrane of fungi. The results show that the resistanee ability of CACs to fungal colonization seems to be higher than that of Portland based mortars.
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