Developing an indicator for the chronic health impact of traffic-related pollutant emissions

Véronique Lepicier (1) , Mireille Chiron (2) , Robert Joumard (1)

1 IFSTTAR/LTE - Laboratoire Transport et Environnement
2 UMRESTTE UMR T9405 - Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement

The goal of this study is to develop an emission based indicator for the health impact of the air pollution caused by traffic. This indicator must make it possible to compare different situations, for example different Urban Travel Plans, or technical innovations. Our work is based on a literature survey of methods for evaluating health impacts and, more particularly, those which relate to the atmospheric pollution caused by transport. We then define a health impact indicator based on the traffic emissions, named IISCEP for Chronic health impact indicator of pollutant emission. Here health is understood in a restricted meaning, excluding well-being. Only primary pollutants can be considered, as the inputs are emission data and an indicator must be simple. The indicator is calculated as the sum of each pollutant emission multiplied by a dispersion and exposition factor and a substance specific toxicity factor taking account of the severity. Last, two examples are shown using the IISCEP: comparison between petrol and diesel vehicles, and Nantes urban district in 2008 vs 2002. Even if it could still be improved, IISCEP is a straightforward indicator which can be used to gauge the chronic effects of inhaling primary pollutants. It can only be used in comparisons, between different scenarios or different technologies. The quality of the emissions data and the choice of the pollutants that are considered are the two essential factors that determine its validity and reliability.

Mots clés: Health impact; indicator; air pollution; traffic-related emissions

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Véronique Lepicier, Mireille Chiron, Robert Joumard. Developing an indicator for the chronic health impact of traffic-related pollutant emissions. Environ. Impact Asses. Rev.,, 2013, 38, pp.35-43. ⟨10.1016/j.eiar.2012.05.001⟩. ⟨hal-00916521⟩