Assessment of the exposure to Allura red colour from the consumption of red juice-based and red soft drinks in Italy
Résumé
This paper reports on a survey and an exposure study, based on a probabilistic approach, concerning red juice-based and red soft drink products in Italy. This study highlighted that the estimations, both of consumption rates and colorant intakes, are related to the hypotheses of scenarios. In fact, the study estimated that, on the average, consumers of red soft drinks consume 53.1 litres per year, ranging from 39.1 litres to 70.7 litres of soft drink products under a scenario, or, 21.3 litres, ranging from 12.7 litres and 35.9 litres under other hypotheses; while 9.5 litres of red juice-based drinks are consumed per year, ranging between 7.0 litres and 12.5 litres, under a scenario, or, on the average, 6.9 litres, ranging from 3.2 litres and 17.7 litres, under the other scenario. The amount of colorant in a red beverage ranges from 10.9 mg/l in a red soft drink up to 55.9 mg/l in a red-juice based product. The risk evaluation process showed that in all cases, the intake of E129 was always lower than the Acceptable Daily Intake value. The exposure assessment showed high average intakes of Allura red in the worst-case scenario, on the average, 6.5 mg/day and 13.9 mg/day, up to 25.0 mg/day and 33.0 mg/day at the 95th percentile, from juice-based and soft drinks respectively. The most realistic scenario estimated a weighted average daily intake of Allura red, on the average about 0.3 mg/day up to 0.5 mg/day at the 95th percentile, and 0.4 mg/day up to 0.6 mg/day at the 95th percentile, from juice-based and soft drinks, respectively. Actually, the highest colorant intake was estimated in a "health" juice-based drink. The intake of E129 significantly increased with a high level of colorant (> 40 mg/l).
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