Rosemary extracts improve flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and plasma PAI-1 activity in healthy young volunteers
Résumé
Polyphenol antioxidants decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. Our aim was to evaluate prospectively in healthy young participants the effect of oral rosemary extracts (RE), consisting of diphenols, upon endothelial dysfunction (ED), preceding structural atherosclerosis. We prospectively studied 19 healthy young volunteers, who received oral RE (77.7 mg) for 21 days, consisting of active substances carnosol (0.97 mg), carnosic (8.60 mg) and rosmarinic acid (10.30 mg). Before and after RE treatment, we evaluated fasting serum levels of plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), fibrinogen, high-sensitivity capsular reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor-necrosis factor (TNF-), the lipid profile and ED, characterised as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery of < 4.5%, estimated by ultrasound measurements. After 21 days, any side effects were registered, mean FMD increased nonsignificantly (6.51 ± 5.96% vs. 7.78 ± 4.56%, p = 0.546) and ED decreased significantly (66.6% vs 16.6%, p = 0.040). Among serum markers, only mean PAI-1 level decreased significantly (4.25 ± 1.46U/ml vs 3.0 ± 0.61U/ml, p = 0.012) after 21-day RE supplementation. We conclude that oral RE supplementation has the potential to improve serum PAI-1 activity and ED in young and healthy individuals.
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