Statistical study of the influence of fungicides treatments (mancozeb, zoxamide and copper oxychloride) on heavy metals concentration in Sicilian red wines.
Résumé
The purpose of this work was to assess the influence of mancozeb, zoxamide and copper oxychloride fungicide treatments on Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations in Sicilian red wines, grapes, marcs and grape stalks; the experimentation was carried out over two crop years, 2003 and 2004. Trace metals analysis was performed by derivative stripping chronopotentiometry which allowed to detect concentrations lower than 1 ngg-1. The obtained data gave evidence that the levels of Mn and Zn in wines from plots treated with zoxamide-mancozeb were about 3-fold higher than those observed in the control. Wines treated with Cu oxychloride presented a significant increase of Cu (II) concentrations with respect to the control; in particular samples from 2004 showed a Cu amount increased by 50%. Furthermore, as shown in a previous paper, the studied fungicides treatments lead to a moderate increase in Pb (II) and Cd (II) levels in treated samples with respect to the control. Wines from 2004 presented higher Cu and Pb amounts than wines from 2003; the concentration of all the other metals is similar. The statistical elaboration of the obtained data by LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) and Kruskal-Wallis test has confirmed that both zoxamide-mancozeb treatments and copper oxychloride treatments exerted a significant influence on Mn (II), Zn (II) Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) concentrations in wines, grapes, marcs and grape stalks samples from both the studied vintages.
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