Exposure to pesticide residues from consumption of Italian blood oranges
Résumé
The paper reports findings concerning a five years study aimed to evaluate pesticides levels, deriving from orchards activities, on the Italian most common orange cultivar (Citrus Sinensis, L. Osbeck, cv. Tarocco). The study, using a Bayesian approach, allowed obtaining both the qualitative (the number) and quantitative distributions (the amount) of pesticides with its own probability value. Multi residues analyses of the 460 analysed samples highlighted the presence of: ethyl and methyl Chlorpyrifos, Dicofol, Etofenprox, Fenazaquin, Fenitrotion, Imazalil, Malathion and Metalaxil-m. The 30.5% of samples shown just one pesticide, the 2.16% two pesticides and the 0.65% of samples shown three pesticides at the same time. The most common residue was ethyl chlorpyrifos followed by methyl chlorpyrifos.. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values distributions for ethyl and methyl chlorpyrifos, as well as the distance from safety level (NOAEL), were calculated. The risk has been differentiate in order: 1) to keep in account also the period of real citrus consuming (180 days); 2) to differentiate the risk deriving from eating oranges that contain a certain level of chlorpyrifos from those unspecified. The most likely EDI values for ethyl chlorpyrifos, deriving from Italian blood oranges consumption are: 0.01 and 0.006 mg/day, calculated on 180 and 365 days, respectively. Considering the probalility of occurrence of ethyl chlorpyrifos, the EDI values are reduced up to: 2.6*10-3 and 1.3*10-3 mg/day, respectively. Analogously for methyl chlorpyrifos, the EDI most likely values are: 0.09 and 0.04 mg/day, respectively. Considering its probability of occurrence the EDI values are: 6.7*10-3 and 3.4*10-3 mg/day, respectively. Results highlighted that levels of pesticides in Italian Tarocco oranges deriving from a controlled chain are safe.
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