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Article Dans Une Revue Avian Pathology Année : 2008

Pivotal role of ChIFNγ in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression of Infectious Bursal Disease

Fabienne Rauw
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Bénédicte Lambrecht
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Thierry van den Berg
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Résumé

This study investigates the pivotal role of chicken interferon-gamma (ChIFNγ) in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection and is divided into in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments. Two-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with the 849VB very virulent strain of IBDV (vvIBDV). The levels of systemic ChIFNγ and chicken interleukin-6 (ChIL-6) in the serum were followed for two weeks during in vivo experiments. Then, splenocytes and bursal cells from infected chickens were analyzed for their immunocompetence after mitogenic activation in ex vivo experiments. Finally, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess the direct immunosuppressive effect of ChIFNγ on splenocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from non-inoculated SPF chickens. Our results reveal that the acute phase of infectious bursal disease (IBD) coincides, on one hand, with high levels of systemic ChIFNγ and ChIL-6 and, on the other hand, with a strong inhibition of proliferation and activation, as measured by ChIFNγ production, of splenocytes from infected chickens after mitogen-stimulation. Two weeks after viral inoculation, T-lymphocytes infiltrating the Bursa of Fabricius (BF) had recovered their activation capability. Finally, an in vitro study showed that the proliferation of naïve splenocytes and PBL's was directly and specifically inhibited by ChIFNγ. As conclusion, a ChIFNγ dysregulation occurs in chickens infected with IBDV and the overproduction of ChIFNγ by T-lymphocytes plays a key role in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression induced by this virus.

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Dates et versions

hal-00540093 , version 1 (26-11-2010)

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Fabienne Rauw, Bénédicte Lambrecht, Thierry van den Berg. Pivotal role of ChIFNγ in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression of Infectious Bursal Disease. Avian Pathology, 2008, 36 (05), pp.367-374. ⟨10.1080/03079450701589159⟩. ⟨hal-00540093⟩

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