Amyloid in bone marrow smears of patients affected by multiple myeloma

Fara Petruzziello (1) , Pio Zeppa (2) , Lucio Catalano (1, 3) , Immacolata Cozzolino (2) , Giuseppe Gargiulo (4) , Pellegrino Musto (5) , Fiorella d'Auria (5) , Vincenzo Liso (6) , Rita Rizzi (6) , Nadia Caruso (7) , Catello Califano (8) , Eugenio Piro (9) , Maurizio Musso (10) , Vincenza Bonanno (10) , Antonietta Pia Falcone (11) , Salvatore Tafuto (12) , Francesco Raimondo (13) , Michelino Laurentiis (14) , Fabrizio Pane (1) , Lucio Palombini (2) , Bruno Rotoli (1)

1 Hematology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology
2 Department of Anatomopathology and Cytopathology
3 Department of Hematology
4 SZN - Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn
5 Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS
6 Hematology, AOUCP Bari
7 Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital
8 Department of Oncology and Hematology
9 Hematology Unit, AO Pugliese-Ciaccio
10 Oncohematology Unit, Oncology Department La Maddalena
11 Department of Hematology
12 Oncohematology, PO S.Maria delle Grazie
13 Department of Hematology
14 Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Oncology

Systemic AL amyloidosis is associated with nearly 15% of cases of multiple myeloma, but data on the frequency and significance of amyloid deposits in the bone marrow of patients affected by multiple myeloma without clinical signs of systemic amyloidosis are scanty. Bone marrow smears of 166 unselected patients affected by multiple myeloma (126 at diagnosis and 40 after treatment) were stained with Congo red and studied by transmission and birefringence microscopy. Both focal and diffuse storages were considered positive. Overall, 67 patients were positive and 99 were negative to Congo red and apple-green birefringence. In particular, 51 of the 126 patients studied at diagnosis and 16 of the 40 patients with advanced disease were positive. Seventeen patients were reassessed after a mean follow-up of 32 months (range: 6–91): disappearance of amyloid deposits was verified in three cases, all responsive to bortezomib-based regimens. The preliminary data available suggest that amyloid deposition in the marrow of myeloma patients is frequent, as it can be traced in nearly 40% of cases. We failed to find correlations between bone marrow amyloid deposits and immunoglobulin type, disease stage, plasma cells percentage, hemoglobin, calcium, creatinine, albumin, or βmicroglobulin. Significantly higher incidence of moderate/severe peripheral neuropathy was found in patients with marrow amyloid exposed to potentially neurotoxic antineoplastic agents. Further studies and prolonged follow-up are needed to validate our findings and to define possible prognostic aspects.

Mots clés: Amyloidosis; Multiple myeloma; Congo red staining; Bone marrow amyloid

Fara Petruzziello, Pio Zeppa, Lucio Catalano, Immacolata Cozzolino, Giuseppe Gargiulo, et al.. Amyloid in bone marrow smears of patients affected by multiple myeloma. Annals of Hematology, 2009, 89 (5), pp.469-474. ⟨10.1007/s00277-009-0857-9⟩. ⟨hal-00535102⟩