MODELO TERRITORIAL DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL DAWE (CHENOPODIUM QUINUA WILLD): PROTOCOLOS-SELLOS CAMPESINOS, UNA EXPERIENCIA DE SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA EN EL SUR DE CHILE
Résumé
The Objective of this paper is to present the experience of Mapuches' farmers in creating their owner certification system to protect and control the marketing and agricultural, gastronomic and cultural attributes of the quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) This crops has been described from the arrival of the colons at middle of XVI century. Diverse documents like letters, binnacles of trips and botanical identifications by the first naturalists of this period detailed its morphological characteristics and uses that Mapuche was giving (Letters of Pedro de Valdivia (1545) to the King Carlos V, Ignacio Molina (1810), Claudio Gay (1835), the priest Wilhelm Moesbach (1920) and Ricardo Latcham (1922)). Nerveless in the last 50 years this crop almost disappeared. The certification system has been designed with a participative methodology with researches and farmers (Bellon, 2002) during two phases (Interviews and focal groups and development with territorial Mapuche organization). This territorial model for the crops, is elaborated with principles that are sustained in: a) a productive base of territorial character, based on a familiar handcrafted according Mapuche principles, b) the recovery of the historical and cultural root, c) a familiar and organizational control of the productive - commercial process, d) the recovery and use of the local calendar. This farmer protocols protects the attributes of the local agriculture system and it can recognize by a Signal or Stamp which allows guaranteeing a quality from the owner farmers in the market.
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