Rôles respectifs des institutions nationales et des groupes d'exploitants dans la mise au point d'une innovation permettant aux petits producteurs de pratiquer la reproduction de carpes dans leur rizières à Betafo (Madagascar)
Résumé
FAO and national official description present rice-fish culture of the carp in Madagascar as a fish farming system depending on two types of actors: the private fry producers (PPA) promoted by the fish administration and the smallholders who grow fish inside their rice field. However, in Betafo district in the Vakinankaratra Region, APDRA (Association Pisciculture et Développement Rural en Afrique) was facing a significantly different practice: rice-fish producers manage themselves to make carp spawning inside their rice field, practice not approved by the institutions just quoted. It looks possible to easily explain this innovation as an answer to the PPAs' deficiency noted in the areas. However, the present study shows that State and FAO actions have actively participated in the implementation and the spreading of this new technical system. Nevertheless, it has to be noticed that these positive results have been later on ignored even depreciated by those institutions. Three main reasons can be mentioned to justify this situation: development fashion put up the concern that private enterprises take in charge the development and the smallholders were no more the targeted group of the funding organisations in Madagascar; the model based on authorized PPA represents an opportunity for administration and assisting program to keep them in a way under supervision, that hypothesis cannot be rejected ; at least, development policies don't know how to take advantage of smallholders' innovations. Long term work with peasant innovators doesn't belong to natural means of official structures carrying out operations in the field of rural development.
Origine : Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)
Loading...