Influence of instantaneous controlled pressure drop extraction conditions on composition and oil yield from Maritime Pine (Pinus Pinaster)

Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug (1) , Ingrid Janocka (1)

1 LEPTIAB - Laboratoire d'Étude des Phénomènes de Transfert et de l'Instantanéité : Agro-industrie et Bâtiment

Experiments to extract the essential oil from maritime pine (pinus pinaster) were carried out using the instantaneous controlled pressure drop process: "Détente Instantanée Contrôlée" (D.I.C). This process involves subjecting the maritime pine needles for a short period of time to a steam pressure varying from 2 to 5 bar (120 to 150 °C) during a fixed processing time, followed by an instantaneous decompression towards a vacuum (about 50 mbar). In this contribution, we have studied the effect of processing pressure and processing time of pinus pinaster needles on the extraction yield and on the composition of the extracted oil. A detailed attention was attached two three important qualitative molecules namely: alpha-pinène, beta-pinène and germacrene D. The processing pressure was varied from 2 to 5 bar and the processing time from 1 to 35 minutes. The variation of processing pressure from 2 to 5 bar was carried out at 4 minutes processing time. The extraction yield varied respectively from 0.38 to 2.02 g/100 g dry material. However, the optimum can be considered between 3 and 4 bar due to a certain degradation of alpha-pinene indicated by a diminution of the percentage of this molecule in the extracted oil when the processing pressure exceeds 4 bar. The effect of processing time was studied from 1 to 35 minutes at optimised processing pressure of 4 bar. At this processing pressure, the optimum essential oil extraction yield of 2 g/100 g dry material basis was obtained at 8 minutes processing time. For the three studied molecules, two behaviours were observed: for the less volatile one (alpha-pinene), 1 minute of processing time is sufficient to extract the totality of this compound present in the raw material. Increasing of processing time leads to a decrease of the yield of alpha-pinene. For the two others molecules (beta-pinene and germacrene D), increasing of processing time from 1 to 35 minutes induced an increase of their percentages in the extracted oil from 16.4 and 1.37 to 27.3 and 2.61 respectively

Mots clés: Maritime pine (pinus pinaster); extraction; vacuum; essential oil; D.I.C

Domaines: Génie des procédés

Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug, Ingrid Janocka. Influence of instantaneous controlled pressure drop extraction conditions on composition and oil yield from Maritime Pine (Pinus Pinaster). 11ème Congrès de la Socité Française de Génie des Procédés - SFGP 2007, Oct 2007, Saint-Etienne, France. pp.Rezzoug. ⟨hal-00414529⟩