Asymptotics for a gradient system with memory term
Résumé
Given a Hilbert space $H$ and a function $\Phi:H\to\mathbb R$ of class $\mathcal C^1$, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the trajectories associated to the following dynamical system $$(S) \qquad \dot x(t) +\frac{1}{k(t)}\, \int_{t_0}^t h(s)\, \nabla \Phi(x(s))\, ds=0, \qquad t\geq t_0,$$ where $h$, $k: [t_0,+\infty)\to \mathbb R_+^*$ are continuous maps. When $k(t) \sim \int_{t_0}^t h(s)\, ds$ as $t\to+\infty$, this equation can be interpreted as an averaged gradient system. We define a natural energy function $E$ associated to system $(S)$ and we give conditions which ensure that $E(t)$ decreases to $\inf \Phi$ as $t\to +\infty$. When $\Phi$ is convex and has a set of non-isolated minima, we show that the trajectories of $(S)$ cannot converge if the average process does not ''privilege'' the recent past. A special attention is devoted to the particular case $h(t)=t^\alpha$, $k(t)=t^\beta$, which is fully treated.
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