Analyse du discours de sujets en situations limites ou assujettis à des pathologies mentales
Résumé
Abstract
Seven research groups were set up to carry out the present multi-disciplinary research project on Discourse Analysis. These teams working in France, Switzerland and Canada are specialized in the following fields: Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Sport Science, Cognitive Science, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and Linguistics. They all worked on the same body of data using the various approaches in which they are specialized. The subjects whose discourse was analysed at all these levels were either suffering from mental disorders or liable to have sensation seeking tendencies because they were intensively practising competitive sports or activities exposing them to extreme environmental conditions (hypoxia of high altitude). The aim of this multidisciplinary study was to determine what traces of cognitive changes or disorders were to be found in the subjects' discourse. In our opinion, the level at which research on discourse analysis focuses is upstream of the cognitive level: by studying a subject's speech patterns, it is possible to detect traces of any behavioural abnormalities and/or functional changes or deficits, and thus to throw light on the subject's cognitive processes.
Seven research groups were set up to carry out the present multi-disciplinary research project on Discourse Analysis. These teams working in France, Switzerland and Canada are specialized in the following fields: Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Sport Science, Cognitive Science, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and Linguistics. They all worked on the same body of data using the various approaches in which they are specialized. The subjects whose discourse was analysed at all these levels were either suffering from mental disorders or liable to have sensation seeking tendencies because they were intensively practising competitive sports or activities exposing them to extreme environmental conditions (hypoxia of high altitude). The aim of this multidisciplinary study was to determine what traces of cognitive changes or disorders were to be found in the subjects' discourse. In our opinion, the level at which research on discourse analysis focuses is upstream of the cognitive level: by studying a subject's speech patterns, it is possible to detect traces of any behavioural abnormalities and/or functional changes or deficits, and thus to throw light on the subject's cognitive processes.
Le projet concerne une recherche pluridisciplinaire sur l'Analyse de Discours. 7 équipes de recherche ont été constituées en France, en Suisse et au Canada appartenant aux disciplines suivantes:Mathématiques, Statistiques et Informatique, Sciences du Sport, Sciences cognitives, Psychologie Clinique, Psychiatrie et Linguistique.Celles-ci ont toutes travaillé sur les mêmes corpus selon des méthodologies diverses dont elles avaient l'expertise. Ces analyses du langage à divers niveaux ont concerné des discours de sujets présentant soit des pathologies mentales soit des comportements limites tels que faisant référence aux « sensation seeking tendencies » : compétition sportive de haut niveau ou sports de l'extrême. Ceci dans le but d'explorer à travers les discours, les traces des perturbations des fonctions cognitives de ces sujets. Nous pensons que la recherche sur l'analyse du discours se situe en amont de celle sur les fonctions cognitives. Elle permet essentiellement de relever la trace des conduites particulières, déficits ou distorsions fonctionnels chez un sujet à travers son discours et par là même de questionner les fonctionnements cognitiques.
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